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Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Serum Cholesterol and Blood Pressure
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial
Roberd M. Bostick, MD, MPH;
Lisa Fosdick, MS;
Greg A. Grandits, MS;
Patricia Grambsch, PhD;
Myron Gross, PhD;
Thomas A. Louis, PhD
Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:31-38.
Objective To test the effect of daily supplemental calcium on serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and blood pressure in adults.
Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial; adjunct study to a trial of calcium and colon cell proliferation in patients with sporadic adenoma.
Setting Outpatient clinic.
Patients A total of 193 men and women, aged 30 to 74 years.
Intervention Treatment with 1.0 and 2.0 g/d of elemental calcium vs placebo over a 4-month period for cholesterol determinations and 6 months for blood pressure.
Main Outcome Measures Serum total cholesterol and HDL-C levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Results Because there were no apparent differences in responses between the 1.0-g and 2.0-g calcium groups, their data were combined and compared with those of the placebo group. Among all participants, the mean total cholesterol level dropped 0.07 mmol/L (2.9 mg/dL) (1.3%) (P = .43) more, and the mean HDL-C level dropped 0.01 mmol/L (0.4 mg/dL) (1.1%) (P = .71) less in the calcium group than in the placebo group. Among participants without a history of hypercholesterolemia, the mean total cholesterol level dropped 0.18 mmol/L (6.8 mg/dL) (3.3%) (P = .10), and the HDL-C level dropped 0.02 mmol/L (0.6 mg/dL) (1.5%) (P = .61) more in the calcium group than in the placebo group. Among all participants, there was no apparent change in blood pressure until 6 months, when the mean systolic blood pressure dropped 0.8 mm Hg (0.6%) (P = .85) and the mean diastolic blood pressure dropped 0.4 mm Hg (0.5%) (P = .80) more in the calcium group than in the placebo group.
Conclusions There were no substantial or statistically significant effects of calcium supplementation on total cholesterol or HDL-C levels or on blood pressure. There was a suggestion (not statistically significant) of a 0.07 to 0.18 mmol/L (3-7 mg/dL) or 2% to 4% drop in the total cholesterol level, a finding similar to that reported in other studies, which indicates the need for further study.
From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia (Dr Bostick); and the Divisions of Biostatistics (Ms Fosdick, Mr Grandits, and Drs Grambsch and Louis) and Epidemiology (Dr Gross), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
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