Molecular Genetics of Human Cognition

Processes involved in memory formation. Formation of memory is a complex process that requires several aspects of cell function. Memory formation begins at the plasma membrane. Upon activation, NMDA-type glutamate receptors allow Ca²⁺ to flow into the cell. The Ca²⁺ flux activates several second-messenger signaling cascades. Ultimately, these signaling processes activate the transcription factor CREB, which leads to the modulation of several genes required for consolidation of long-term memory. Translation of newly synthesized mRNAs leads to production of proteins required to affect long-term changes in neuronal physiology.