The Receptor Concept: A Continuing Evolution

Evolution of the complexity of our perception of GPCR-mediated signaling from a pathway (A) to matrices (B) to networks (C). Receptors (R) interact with one or more G proteins (G) linked to one or more effectors (E), which then engage in effector cross-talk and regulation of cellular function at the surface membrane, within the cytosol, and among multiple cellular compartments, including the nucleus. Panels A and B are modified from (82) (Permission granted by CellPress © 1989) and Panel C from (84) (Permission granted by AAAS © 2002).