HETEROCYCLES
An International Journal for Reviews and Communications in Heterocyclic ChemistryWeb Edition ISSN: 1881-0942
Published online by The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry
Regular Issue
Vol. 48, No. 8, 1998
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■ Stille and Suzuki Cross Coupling Reactions of o-Nitrophenyl Triflates: A Versatile Route to a Variety of Heterocycles
Cedric W. Holzapfel* and Catherine Dwyer
*Department o f Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rand Afrikaans University, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johanesberg, South Africa
Abstract
The cross coupling reactions of selected o-nitrophenyl triflates with arylstannane and arylboron substrates are reported. The resultant 2-nitrobiphenyls provide ready access to a variety of substituted heterocycles.
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■ Facile Formation of Cyclic Polysulfides by a New Generation Method for Diatomic Sulfur
Kentaro Okuma,* Seiji Kuge, Yuji Koga, Kosei Shioji, Hisanobu Wakita, and Takahisa Machiguchi
*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
Abstract
A new generation of diatomic sulfur (1) has been achieved in a remarkably simple process by treatment of elemental sulfur with sodium hydride in the presence of phase-transfer catalysts. This facile generation of 1 has been trapped with olefins, diene, and triene to give cycloadducts as the form of cyclic sulfides in high yields.
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■ Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3-one and Dihydro-1,4-thiazin-3-one Derivatives
Michinori Karikomi, Tohru Yamazaki, Yukiko Abematsu, Kiyoshi Masuzawa, and Takashi Toda*
*Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan
Abstract
Diastereomerically pure 4-benzyl-7-substituted 6-hydroxyhexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3-one and 4-benzyl-1’-hydroxyalkyl-1,4-tetrahydrothiazin-3-one derivatives are obtained by the reaction of a 2,3-epoxy alkylamine derivative with methyl thioglycolate in good yields. trans-Epoxy amine derivatives gave trans-thiazepinone derivatives and anti-thiazepinone derivatives whilst cis-epoxy amines gave cis-thiazepinone and syn-thiazepinone derivatives. Substituent effects on regioselectivity were also examined with the use of several epoxy amine derivatives.
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■ Versatile Synthesis of 2-Aryloxyalkyl-oxirane-2-carboxylate: Syntheses of Ethyl 2-[6-(3-Alkoxyphenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylates
Young-Ger Suh,* Kyung-Hoon Min, So-Young Baek, and Jung-Hyeon Chai
*College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shillim-Dong, San 56-1, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
Abstract
A versatile synthetic route to 2-aryloxyalkyl-oxirane-2-carboxylates as potential hydroglycemic agent has been developed via combination of dioxirane epoxidation of inactive olefin and facile aryl alkyl ether formation of the labile epoxy alcohol by Mitsunobu reaction.
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■ Synthesis of 7-Methyl Derivatives of 5,10-Dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic Acid (DDATHF), 5,10-Dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrohomofolic Acid (HDDATHF), and LY254155
Edward C. Taylor* and Yao Wang
*Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, U.S.A.
Abstract
7-Methyl derivatives of DDATHF, homoDDATHF and the thiophene analog of DDATHF (LY254155) were prepared as potential antitumor agents.
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■ Synthesis of Novel 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1,4]diazepine Derivatives
Hidetsura Cho,* Kengo Murakami, Akitaka Fujisawa, Misako Niwa, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, and Itsuo Uchida
*Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, TAkatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan
Abstract
Unsubstituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1,4]diazepine (1) and 4H-thieno[2,3-b][1,4]diazepine-5,7(6H,8H)-dione (2) were newly synthesized. Benzoylation of 1 regioselectively afforded thienodiazepine (13) substituted with a benzoyl group at position 4. Alternatively, novel synthetic procedures were devised to yield thienodiazepine (22) substituted with an alkyl group or compound (14) with an aralkyl group at position 8. Thus, the ingenious introduction of functional groups at the N-4 or 8 position of a thienodiazepine skeleton was achieved and then a variety of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1,4]diazepines (5)-(9), and (27), some of which exhibited potent arginine vasopressin antagonistic activity, were obtained using the key intermediates (1), (13), (14), and (22).
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■ Debenzotriazolylation of α-Benzotriazolyl Ketones with Samarium Diiodide
Alan R. Katritzky,* Junquan Wang, and Scott A. Henderson
*Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, U.S.A.
Abstract
Removal of the benzotriazoyl moiety of α-benzotriazolyl ketones by samarium diiodide at room temperature to give the corresponding ketones in good yields is described.
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■ Synthesis of Imidazonaphthyridines and -quinolines
Spiros Grivas* and Peter Schuisky
*Department of Organic Chemistry, Södertörn University College, Karolinska Institutet, Novum Research Park, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
Abstract
Four 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-b][1,x]naphthyridines, x=5-8 (6-9) have been obtained from aromatic aldehydes (11-14) and 2-amino-1-methyl-2-imidazolin-5-one (15) in one step. The N1- and N3-methyl isomers of 2-aminoimidazo[4,5-b]quinoline (5 and 10) were prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde via the isolated E-isomers of imidazolin-5-one (17) and imidazolin-4-one (20).
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■ Novel Complex N-Heterocycles via Intramolecular 1,5-Electrocyclizations: 1,2,3,4,4a,5,5a,10-Octahydropyrido-[4",3":2',3']cyclobuta[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines
Harald Walter* and Carsten Sundermann
*Chemical Research Crop Protection, Business Unit Fungicides, Novartis Crop Protection AG, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-amino-3-isopropenylpyridine (5) and 2-amino-5-chloro-3-isopropenylpyridine (6) and their toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed reactions in refluxing toluene with some 1-substituted piperidin-4-ones are described. The toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed reaction of the pyridine derivatives (5) and (6) with 1-benzyl-, 1-benzoyl- and 1-methylpiperidin-4-one lead to novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines (7-12) in good to excellent yields in diastereoisomeric pure form (Scheme 2, Table 1). An intramolecular 1,5-electrocyclization of the dipolar reactive intermediate (13) as a key step (Scheme 3) is proposed for the formation of the compounds (7-12).
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■ Reaction of 1-Benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic Anhydride with 3-Bromo-4-lithiopyridine: Formal Synthesis of Ellipticine
Yasuyoshi Miki,* Yoshitaka Tada, and Ko-ichi Matsushita
*Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
Abstract
Reaction of 1-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with 3-bromo-4-lithiopyridine gave 2-(3-bromoisonicotinoyl)indole-3-carboxylic acid as the sole product. The indole-3-carboxylic acid could be converted to 6-benzylellipticine quinone in five steps.
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■ General Method for Synthesis of Erythrinan and Homoerythrinan Alkaloids (2): Application of Pummerer-Type Reaction to the Synthesis of Homoerythrinan Ring System
Jun Toda, Yoshihiro Niimura, Takehiro Sano,* and Yoshisuke Tsuda
*Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165, Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
Abstract
The sythesis of cyclohomoerythrinan (2a), a potential intermediate to homoerythrinan alkaloids, was achieved by a Pummerer-Type cyclization of the hydroindole sulfoxide (11), which was prepared from the dioxopyrroline (6) in five steps via a [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction followed by an anionic 1,3-shift.
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■ Synthesis of Pyridazino[4,5-b]carbazoles as Potential Antitumor Agents
Norbert Haider,* Rami Jbara, Forouzandeh Khadami, and Richard Wanko
*Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of new pyridazino[4,5-b]carbazoles (8, 9, 12-14), representing 3-aza analogs of pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole antitumor agents, is described. The key intermediates, d-fused dichloropyridazines of type 5, were subjected to nucleophilic displacement reactions and/or to reductive dehalogenation.
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■ Asymmetric Synthesis of So-called "Dehassiline" Isomer, (S)-1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzyl)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
Akiko Watanabe and Jun-ichi Kunitomo*
*Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa-Women's University, 11-68 Koushien Kyuban-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
Abstract
A so-called "dehassiline" isomer, (S)-1-(2’-hydroxy-5’-methoxybenzyl)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1) was asymmetrically synthesized via the stereoselective reduction with
sodium borohydride at -78 °C of the corresponding 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium ion possessing a chiral auxiliary. The spectral data for the synthetic compound (1) differed from those reported for natural dehassiline, the structure of which must be reexamined.
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■ Short-Step Synthesis of 1,3-Disubstituted Naphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione and Naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione by the Friedel-Crafts Reaction
Junko Koyama,* Izumi Toyokuni, Akari Kino, and Kiyoshi Tagahara
*Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
Abstract
1,3-Dialkylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-diones were obtained by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of phthalic anhydride with 2,5-dialkylfurans. The reaction of phthalic anhydride with 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran, instead of 2,5-dialkylfurans, produced 2-methylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione. The application of this method to the snthesis of 8-hydroxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione [isodiodantunezone] is also described.
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■ A Degradation Study of Vermisporin and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration
Nobuto Minowa,* Yoshio Kodama, Kenzo Harimaya, and Takashi Mikawa
*Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meji Seika Kaisha Ltd., 760 Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan
Abstract
The absolute configuration of vermisporin (1) was determined by X-Ray crystallography of the degradation product (2), and the decalin derivatives (3) was efficiently prepared from 1.
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■ One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted 3-Trifluoromethyl-3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-Dioxides from N-Substituted Benzenesulfonamides
Masahiko Takahashi,* Kenji Ohtsuki, Tetsuya Taga, and Yasunori Chohnan
*Department of Materials Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawamachi, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
Abstract
N,o-Dilithiation of N-substituted benzenesulfonamides followed by the addition of ethyl trifluoroacetate gave 2-substituted 3-trifluoromethyl-3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxides in one-pot.
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■ Novel Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized 1,4,4a,9a-Tetrahydro-1-aza-9-oxafluorenes by Unexpected Cycloaddition of 4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines and p-Benzoquinone
Andreas Hilgeroth,* Krystina Kuna, and Uwe Kuckländer
*Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
Abstract
A surprising acid-catalysed cycloaddition reaction occurs between 3,5-diacetyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine (4) and p-benzoquinone in dioxane/HClO4 (5%) yielding novel polyfunctionalized 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-1-aza-9-oxafluorenes (9) as exclusive products. On the other hand the corresponding 4-unsubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridine (1) is oxidized by p-benzoquinone. Novel structures are characterized by standard spectroscopy and, furthermore, confirmed by acetylation. The different reactivity of the 4-substituted and 4-unsubstituted derivatives is dicussed on the basis of semiempirical MNDO calculations and redox potentials.
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■ Reaction of Disubstituted Cyanamides with Formamides under High Pressure
Isao Shibuya,* Akihiro Oishi, and Masahiko Yasumoto
*National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Abstract
High pressure-assisted co-cyclization of disubstituted cyanamides with formamide or monosubstituted formamides gave 2-amino- or 2-monosubstituted amino-4,6-bis(disubstituted amino)-1,3,5-triazines in one pot.
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■ Reduction of 9-Substituted Acridines with Nickel-Aluminum Alloy
Kichinosuke Kamata,* Yoh-ichi Tominaga, Akiyoshi Tori-i, Thies Thiemann, and Shuntaro Mataka*
*Instituete of Advanced Material Study, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
Abstract
9-Methyl-, 9-ethyl-, 9-propyl-, 9-isopropyl-, and 9-phenylacridines were treated with nickel-aluminum alloy in hydrochloric acid to give the corresponding 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridines and 9,10-dihydroacridines. The yields are dependent upon the C-9 substituent.
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■ Improved Synthesis of Watasenia Preluciferin
Hisae Kakoi and Shoji Inoue*
*Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
Abstract
On heating a mixture of 2-amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (2) and a large excess of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4) at 130-140 °C in dioxane, without any reductive treatment, Watasenia preluciferin (1) was obtained directly in one batch process in 63 % yield.
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■ Five Nx-Methyladenines: Their Chemistry, Physicochemical Properties, and Biological Activities
Tozo Fujii* and Taisuke Itaya
*Faculty of Pharmaceutical Scicences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
Abstract
Various mono-N-substituted adenines are represented by the corresponding five possible isomers of Nx-methyladenine, namely, 9-methyladenine (2), 7-methyladenine (3), 3-methyladenine (4), 1-methyladenine (5), and N6-methyladenine (6). The chemistry, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of these Nx-methyladenines are reviewed with 366 reference citations.