Select Journal or Resource JAMA & Archives Home JAMA Archives of   Dermatology   Facial Plastic Surgery   Family Medicine (1992-2000)   General Psychiatry   Internal Medicine   Neurology   Neurology and Psychiatry (1919-1959)   Ophthalmology   Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery   Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine   Surgery JAMA-français JAMA & Archives CME Calendar of Events JAMA Career Center For The Media JAMAevidence Peer Review Congress Student JAMA (1998-2004)

	Institution: STANFORD Univ Med Center  | My Account | E-mail Alerts | Access Rights | Sign In Vol. 9 No. 3, March 2000   Archives  •  Online Features Original Contribution  This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Correction  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (102)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Related article  • Similar articles in this journal Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in the United States Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Lina S. Balluz, ScD, MPH; Stephanie M. Kieszak, MA, MPH; Rossanne M. Philen, MD, MS; Joseph Mulinare, MD Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:258-262. Context  The use of supplements remains a widespread behavior among people motivated by general health concerns. We analyzed data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to provide new and current information on supplement use in the United States. Objectives  To determine the prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplement use in the US population, to quantify the use of folic acid, and to examine the relationship between supplement intake and demographic factors. Design  National, population-based, cross-sectional survey of monthly use of vitamin and mineral supplements by NHANES III participants (n = 33 905). Results  More than 11 000 respondents reported taking at least 1 vitamin or mineral supplement at any time in the past month. The highest use of vitamin and mineral supplements was among non-Hispanic whites (42.6%), with a mean age of 37 years. Approximately 29.2% of people in the United States, and 33.2% of women of reproductive age, reported taking at least 1 product that contained folic acid any time in the past month. The use of products containing folic acid was highest among non-Hispanic whites (32.1%), and 62.1% of all those taking folic acid (71.5% among females of reproductive age) took at least 12 000 µg/mo (equivalent to the recommended daily dose of 400 µg/d). Participants reported using more than 300 nonvitamin and nonmineral products, some of which are documented as having serious adverse health effects. Conclusions  Consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements is a common behavior in the United States. We recommend that physicians and health professionals include questions about the use of dietary supplements when obtaining a medical history from their patients, that all dietary supplements clearly list ingredients and known contraindications to use, and that all those planning to use supplements first have their dietary practices and lifestyle evaluated by a health professional. From the National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Ga. RELATED ARTICLE THE Archives of Familly Medicine Continuing Medical Education Program Arch Fam Med. 2000;9(3):267-269. FULL TEXT   THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES Use of dietary supplements by pregnant and lactating women in North America Picciano and McGuire Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;89:663S-667S. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Dietary Supplement Use Among Infants, Children, and Adolescents in the United States, 1999-2002 Picciano et al. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161:978-985. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: What Is the Dentist to Do? Touger-Decker Journal of the American Dental Association 2007;138:1222-1226. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Broadcasting Behavior Change: A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Paid and Unpaid Media to Increase Folic Acid Awareness, Knowledge, and Consumption Among Hispanic Women of Childbearing Age Flores et al. Health Promot Pract 2007;8:145-153. ABSTRACT   Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Bjelakovic et al. JAMA 2007;297:842-857. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions Yetley Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007;85:269S-276S. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Serum retinyl esters are not elevated in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis whose preformed vitamin A intakes are high Penniston et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:1350-1356. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   The dubious use of vitamin-mineral supplements in relation to cardiovascular disease. McCormick Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:680-681. FULL TEXT   Vitamin-mineral supplementation and the progression of atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bleys et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:880-887. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Vitamin Intakes from Supplements and Fortified Food in German Children and Adolescents: Results from the DONALD Study Sichert-Hellert et al. J. Nutr. 2006;136:1329-1333. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Managing Abnormal Blood Lipids: A Collaborative Approach Fletcher et al. Circulation 2005;112:3184-3209. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Meta-Analysis: High-Dosage Vitamin E Supplementation May Increase All-Cause Mortality Miller et al. ANN INTERN MED 2005;142:37-46. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Multivitamin Supplements May Affect Warfarin Anticoagulation in Susceptible Patients Kurnik et al. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2003;37:1603-1606. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Complex Multivitamin Supplementation Improves Homocysteine and Resistance to LDL-C Oxidation Earnest et al. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2003;22:400-407. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Demographics, lifestyles, health characteristics, and dietary intake among dietary supplement users in Japan Ishihara et al. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:546-553. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Anaphylactic Reaction to a Dietary Supplement Containing Willow Bark Boullata et al. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2003;37:832-835. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Dietary Supplement Use in the Context of Health Disparities: Cultural, Ethnic and Demographic Determinants of Use Jasti et al. J. Nutr. 2003;133:2010S-2013. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Factors Associated with Dietary Supplement Use among Healthy Adults of Five Ethnicities: The Multiethnic Cohort Study Foote et al. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:888-897. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Effect of a Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement on Infection and Quality of Life: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Barringer et al. ANN INTERN MED 2003;138:365-371. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Why Do Children Become Vitamin A Deficient? Miller et al. J. Nutr. 2002;132:2867S-2880. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Vitamins for Chronic Disease Prevention in Adults: Scientific Review Fairfield and Fletcher JAMA 2002;287:3116-3126. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   A Clinical Review of Micronutrients in HIV Infection Singhal and Austin J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill) 2002;1:63-75. ABSTRACT   Recent Patterns of Medication Use in the Ambulatory Adult Population of the United States: The Slone Survey Kaufman et al. JAMA 2002;287:337-344. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   Suggested guidelines for articles about botanical dietary supplements Swanson Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002;75:8-10. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT   What Vitamins Should I Be Taking, Doctor? Willett and Stampfer NEJM 2001;345:1819-1824. FULL TEXT   Multivitamin Supplements Are Effective and Inexpensive Agents to Lower Homocysteine Levels Vos et al. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:774-774. FULL TEXT   HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | CME | PHYSICIAN JOBS | HELP CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP   © 2000 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.