10.2190/0CC0-BFFC-DBTD-B3F7 0CC0BFFCDBTDB3F7 3 The Employment Effects of Environmental Policy: An International Comparison: Germany and USA 119 137 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 0CC0BFFCDBTDB3F7.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=0CC0BFFCDBTDB3F7 2 Frank G. Müller Department of Economics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada This paper deals with the problem of environmental policy and its effects on the level of employment The first section sets the conceptual framework and evaluates the studies undertaken for Germany and USA, while in the second section broader issues of environmental policy will be discussed. Despite the difficulty of securing reliable estimates of employment effects of environmental policy some conclusions can be drawn: The presently implemented conventional programs are purely technological measures and control mainly the symptoms and not the causes of environmental degradation. The macro-economic models seem to indicate that the overall employment effect is moderately positive. In the ongoing debate regarding environmental quality and other economic objectives the author believes that a conventional environmental policy will not succeed in the long-run to improve environmental quality and to alleviate the problems of unemployment and inflation. W. Meissner and E. Hödl, Studie über die Eigenschaften eines beschäftligungswirksamen Unweltprogramms für die Gemeinschaft, (manuscript), Frankfurt/M., pp. 4-8, November 1977. OECD, <i>Employment and Environment</i>, Paris, p. 13, 1978. OECD, <i>Macroeconomic Evaluation of Environmental Programmes</i>, Paris, 1978. W. Meissner and E. Hödl, Positive ökonomische Aspekte des Umweltschutzes, (manuscript), Frankfurt/M., pp. 69-71, July 1976. T. Gladwin and J. Wells, Environmental Policy and Multinational Corporate Strategy, I. Walter (ed.), <i>Studies in International Environmental Economies</i>, New York, pp. 177-224, 1976. Batelle-Institut e.V., Schätzungen der monetären Aufwendungen für Umweltschutzmassnahmen bis zum Jahre 1980, Frankfurt/M., 1975. DIW, <i>Beiträge zur Strukurforschung</i>, Heft 6, 1969. DIW, <i>Produktionsvolumen und—potential, Produktionsfaktoren der Industrie im Gebiete des Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i>, Berlin, 1973. <i>The Economic Impact of Pollution Control, A Summary of Recent Studies</i>, Washington, D. C., March 1972. OECD, <i>Economic Implications of Pollution Control, A General Assessment</i>, Paris, p. 28, 1974. E. Herwig and H. Dipper, <i>Beschäftigunspolitische Auswirkungen von Umweltschutzmassnahmen in ausgewählten Sektoren der Wirtschaft</i>, Batelle-Institut, Frankfurt/M., pp. 21-23, 1977. <i>The Macroeconomic Impacts of Federal Pollution Control Programs: 1976 Assessment</i>, Chase Econometric Associates, Inc., Washington, pp. 6-10, 1976. B. Hannon and R. Bezdek, Job Impact of Alternatives to Corps of Engineers Projects, <i>Engineering Issues, Journal of Professional Activities, 99</i>, pp. 521-531, 1973. U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Impact of Federal Pollution Control and Abatement Expenditures on Manpower Requirements, Bulletin 1836, Washington, D. C., 1975. National Research Council, Manpower for Environmental Pollution Control, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C, p. 48, 1977. Statistiches Amt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften, Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit 1950-1976, Luxemburg, pp. 78, 1977. U. S. Department of Commerce, <i>An Evaluation of the PWIP</i>, Final Report Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 18-24, 1975. M. Wiseman, Public Employment as Fiscal Policy, <i>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1</i>, pp. 67-114, 1976. CEQ, Environmental Programs and Employment (manuscript), April 1975. OECD, Towards Full Employment and Price Stability, A Report to the OECD by a group of independent experts, Paris, pp. 17-19, 1977. W. Geissberger, and T. Ginsburg (eds.), <i>Der Nawu-Report: Wege aus der Wohlstandsfalle</i>, Frankfurt/M., pp. 127-144, 1978. N. Georgescu-Roegen, Energy and Economic Myths, <i>Southern Economic Journal, 41</i>:3, pp. 343-381, 1975.