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		<PublisherName>Baywood Publishing Company</PublisherName>
	</PublisherInfo>
	<Journal>
		<JournalInfo JournalType="Journals">
			<JournalPrintISSN>0047-2433</JournalPrintISSN>
			<JournalElectronicISSN>1541-3802</JournalElectronicISSN>
			<JournalTitle>Journal of Environmental Systems</JournalTitle>
			<JournalCode>BWES</JournalCode>
			<JournalID>300323</JournalID>
			<JournalURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=journal&amp;id=300323</JournalURL>
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		<Volume>
			<VolumeInfo>
				<VolumeNumber>10</VolumeNumber>
			</VolumeInfo>
			<Issue>
				<IssueInfo IssueType="Regular">
					<IssueNumberBegin>3</IssueNumberBegin>
					<IssueNumberEnd>3</IssueNumberEnd>
					<IssueSupplement>0</IssueSupplement>
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					<IssueSequence>000010000319800101</IssueSequence>
					<IssuePublicationDate>
						<CoverDate Year="1980" Month="1" Day="1"/>
						<CoverDisplay>Number 3 / 1980-81</CoverDisplay>
					</IssuePublicationDate>
					<IssueID>B3BU4H33H525</IssueID>
					<IssueURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=issue&amp;id=B3BU4H33H525</IssueURL>
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				<Article ArticleType="Original">
					<ArticleInfo Free="No" ESM="No">
						<ArticleDOI>10.2190/M8W4-JUYV-NB03-CUFL</ArticleDOI>
						<ArticlePII>M8W4JUYVNB03CUFL</ArticlePII>
						<ArticleSequenceNumber>3</ArticleSequenceNumber>
						<ArticleTitle Language="En">The Effect of Feedback and Social Reinforcement on Residential Electricity Consumption</ArticleTitle>
						<ArticleFirstPage>215</ArticleFirstPage>
						<ArticleLastPage>227</ArticleLastPage>
						<ArticleHistory>
							<RegistrationDate>20020509</RegistrationDate>
							<ReceivedDate>20020509</ReceivedDate>
							<Accepted>20020509</Accepted>
							<OnlineDate>20020509</OnlineDate>
						</ArticleHistory>
						<FullTextFileName>M8W4JUYVNB03CUFL.pdf</FullTextFileName>
						<FullTextURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&amp;id=M8W4JUYVNB03CUFL</FullTextURL>
						<Composite>3</Composite>
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					<ArticleHeader>
						<AuthorGroup>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Richard</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Katzev</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Laura</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Cooper</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Pat</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Fisher</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A1">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>Reed College, Portland, Oregon</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
						</AuthorGroup>
						<Abstract Language="En">This experiment explored the effect of informational feedback in reducing electrical energy consumption with eleven matched quads of all-electric apartments in Portland, Oregon. Feedback about KWH usage was provided from electrical meter readings during baseline, treatment and follow-up phases during the summer of 1977. Following a two week baseline period, apartments were exposed to one of the following conditions: (1) No treatment Control; (2) Daily Contingent Feedback, where informational feedback about KWH usage was provided on a daily basis; (3) Three Day Contingent Feedback Plus Decal, where feedback was provided every third day and commendation in the form of a decal was presented for reduced consumption; (4) Three Day Noncontingent Feedback Plus Decal, where feedback plus commendation were provided every third day, regardless of whether or not electricity consumption had decreased. Each of these feedback conditions had very little impact on electrical energy consumption during the two week treatment or the two week follow-up periods. These findings were viewed as consistent with other research which has also documented the limited impact of feedback on energy consumption. An analysis of the boundary conditions for the effectiveness of informational feedback stimuli was presented.</Abstract>
						<biblist>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="1">R. A. Winett, S. Kaiser and G. Haberkorn, The Effects of Monetary Rebates and Daily Feedback on Electricity Conservation, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Environmental Systems, 6&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 329-341, 1976-77.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="2">R. A. Winett, M. S. Neale, K. Williams, J. Yokley and H. Kauder, The Effects of Feedback on Residential Electricity Consumption: Three Replications, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Environmental Systems, 8&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 217-233, 1978-79.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="3">L. McClelland, and S. W. Cook, Energy Conservation Effects of Continuous In-Home Feedback in All-Electric Homes, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Environmental Systems, 9&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 169-173, 1979-80.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="4">J. J. Carlyle and E. S. Geller, Behavioral Approaches to Reducing Residential Energy Consumption: A Critical Review, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Unpublished manuscript.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="6">R. A. Winett and M. S. Neale, Psychological Framework for Energy Conservation in Buildings: Strategies, Outcomes, Directions, &lt;i&gt;Energy and Buildings, 2&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 101-116, 1979.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="7">W. K. Estes, Reinforcement in Human Behavior, &lt;i&gt;American Scientist, 60&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 723-729, 1972.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="8">R. B. Amnons, Effects of Knowledge of Performance: A Survey and Tentative Theoretical Formulation, &lt;i&gt;Journal of General Psychology, 54&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 279-299, 1956.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="9">E. A. Locke, N. Cartledge and J. Koeppel, Motivational Effects of Knowledge of Results: A Goal-Setting Phenomenon?, &lt;i&gt;Psychological Bulletin, 70&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 474-485, 1968.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="10">S. C. Hayes and J. D. Cone, Reducing Residential Electrical Energy Use: Payments, Information and Feedback, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 425-435, 1977.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="11">R. A. Winett, J. H. Kagel, R. C. Battalio and R. C. Winkler, Effects of Monetary Rebates, Feedback, and Information on Residential Electricity Conservation, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Psychology, 63&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 73-80, 1978.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="12">L. J. Becker and C. Seligman, Reducing Air Conditioning Waste by Signalling It Is Cool Outside, &lt;i&gt;Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 412-415, 1978.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="13">S. C. Hayes and J. D. Cone, Reduction of Residential Consumption of Electricity Through Simple Monthly Feedback, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis&lt;/i&gt;, in press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="14">M. H. Palmer, M. E. Lloyd and K. E. Lloyd, An Experimental Analysis of Electricity Conservation Procedures, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 665-672, 1978.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="15">R. A. Winett, M. S. Neale and H. C. Grier, Effects of Self-Monitoring and Feedback on Residential Electricity Consumption, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 173-184, 1979.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="16">C. Seligman and J. M. Darley, Feedback as a Means of Decreasing Residential Energy Consumption, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Psychology, 62&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 363-368, 1977.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="17">C. Seligman, J. M. Darley and L. J. Becker, Psychological Strategies to Reduce Energy Consumption: First Annual Progress Report, 1976, Center for Environmental Studies, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. Unpublished manuscript.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="18">W. B. Seaver and A. H. Patterson, Decreasing Fuel-Oil Consumption Through Feedback and Social Commendation, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 147-152, 1976.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="19">L. J. Becker, The Joint Effect of Feedback and Goal Setting on Performance: A Field Study of Residential Energy Consumption, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Psychology, 63&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 428-433, 1978.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="20">R. Kohlenberg, T. Phillips and W. Proctor, A Behavioral Analysis of Peaking in Residential Electrical-Energy Consumers, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 13-18, 1976.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="21">R. J. Kohlenberg, C. H. Martin, R. Barach, and S. Anschell, Interim Report on the Effects of Alternative Rates and Feedback on Residential Electricity Consumption: An Experimental Analysis, 1976, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Unpublished manuscript.</bibtext>
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							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="22">D. J. Bem, Self-perception theory. L. Berkowitz (ed.), &lt;i&gt;Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.&lt;/i&gt; Vol. 6. New York: Academic Press, 1972.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="23">S. Siegel, &lt;i&gt;Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences&lt;/i&gt;, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="24">H. H. Kelley, Attribution Theory in Social Psychology, &lt;i&gt;Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 14&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 192-238, 1967.</bibtext>
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							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="25">E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins and B. Weiner, &lt;i&gt;Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior.&lt;/i&gt; New York: General Learning Press, 1972.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
						</biblist>
					</ArticleHeader>
				</Article>
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		</Volume>
	</Journal>
</Publisher>
