10.2190/KHHD-JJM5-3HAB-4DGV KHHDJJM53HAB4DGV 1 Residential Electricity Consumption during Master and Individual Metering with a Note on the Utility of Degree Day Weather Conversion Statistics 195 203 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 KHHDJJM53HAB4DGV.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=KHHDJJM53HAB4DGV 3 William J. Warzak Michael A. Milan Georgia State University Electricity consumption data of four, all-electric apartment complexes were evaluated before and after conversion from master to individual meters. The effects of meter conversion were evaluated by an analysis of covariance. Of three degree-day statistics assessed for their adequacy as covariates, the sum of the absolute values of heat days and cool days was found to be best for this analysis. Results indicate significantly less electricity was consumed in the individual meter condition than in the master meter condition for all four complexes. Additional analyses suggest electricity consumption is less affected by temperature fluctuations in the individual meter condition than in the master meter condition. E. P. Willems, Behavioral Technology and Behavioral Ecology, <i>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7</i>, pp. 151-165, 1974. R. A. Winett and M. T. Nietzel, Behavioral Ecology: Contingency Management of Consumer Energy Use, <i>American Journal of Community Psychology, 3</i>, pp. 123-133, 1975. W. B. Seaver and A. H. Patterson, Decreasing Fuel Oil Consumption through Feedback and Social Commendation, unpublished manuscript, The Pennsylvania State University, 1975; cited by M. T. Nietzel, R. A. Winnett, M. L. MacDonald, and W. S. Davidson, <i>Behavioral Approaches to Community Psychology</i>, Pergammon Press, Elmsford, New York, 1977. R. J. Kohlenberg, T. Phillips, and W. Proctor, A Behavioral Analysis of Peaking in Residential Electricity Consumption, <i>Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 9</i>, pp. 13-18, 1976. R. A. Winnett, M. S. Neale, and H. C. Griez, The Effects of Self-Monitoring and Feedback on Electricity Consumption: Winter, <i>Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 12</i>, pp. 175-184, 1979. L. McLelland and L. Belsten, Promoting Energy Conservation in University Dormitories by Physical, Policy and Resident Behavior Changes, <i>Journal of Environmental Systems, 9</i>, pp. 29-38, 1979-80. S. C. Hayes and J. D. Cone, Reducing Residential Electricity Energy Use: Payments, Information, and Feedback, <i>Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 10</i>, pp. 425-435, 1977. R. A. Winett, J. H. Kagel, R. C. Battalio, and R. C. Winkler, Effects of Monetary Rebates, Feedback and Information on Residential Electricity Conservation, <i>Journal of Applied Psychology, 63</i>, pp. 73-80, 1978. M. H. Palmer, M. E. Lloyd, and K. E. Lloyd, An Experimental Analysis of Electricity Conservation Procedures, <i>Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 10</i>, pp. 665-672, 1977. C. Seligman and J. M. Darley, Feedback as a Means of Decreasing Residential Energy Consumption, <i>Journal of Applied Psychology, 62</i>, pp. 363-368, 1977. R. G. Bittle, R. M. Valesano, and G. M. Thaler, The Effects of Daily Feedback on Residential Electricity Usage as a Function of Usage Level and Type of Feedback Information, <i>Journal of Environmental Systems, 9</i>, pp. 275-287, 1979-80. R. A. Winett, M. S. Neale, K. Williams, J. Yokley, and H. Kauder, The Effects of Feedback on Residential Energy Consumption: Three Replications, <i>Journal of Environmental Systems, 8</i>, pp. 217-233, 1978-79. L. McLelland, <i>Encouraging Energy Conservation in Multifamily Housing: Rubs and Other Methods of Allocating Energy Costs to Residents.</i> Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1980. J. Kim and F. J. Kohout, Analysis of Variance and Covariance: Subprograms ANOVA and Oneway, in, N. H. Nie, C. H. Hull, J. G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner, and D. H. Bent (eds.), <i>SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences</i>, McGraw Hill, New York, 1975. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Center, Ashville, North Carolina, April, 1978. Energy Data Report, <i>Quarterly Report on National Trends in Electric Energy Resource Use</i>, U. S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, D. C., (DOE/EIA-0041 (80/1Q)), 1980. <i>Monthly Energy Review</i>, U. S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, D. C., (DOE/EIA-0035 (83/01)), 1983. K. E. Lloyd, Reactions to a Forthcoming Energy Shortage: A Topic in Behavioral Ecology, in, <i>Helping in the Community</i>, G. I. Martin and J. G. Osborne (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1980. D. Hake, Behavioral Ecology: A Social Systems Approach to Environmental Problems, in, <i>Future Perspectives in Behavior Therapy</i>, H. M. Michelson, and S. Turner (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1981.