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		<PublisherName>Baywood Publishing Company</PublisherName>
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	<Journal>
		<JournalInfo JournalType="Journals">
			<JournalPrintISSN>0047-2433</JournalPrintISSN>
			<JournalElectronicISSN>1541-3802</JournalElectronicISSN>
			<JournalTitle>Journal of Environmental Systems</JournalTitle>
			<JournalCode>BWES</JournalCode>
			<JournalID>300323</JournalID>
			<JournalURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=journal&amp;id=300323</JournalURL>
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		<Volume>
			<VolumeInfo>
				<VolumeNumber>15</VolumeNumber>
			</VolumeInfo>
			<Issue>
				<IssueInfo IssueType="Regular">
					<IssueNumberBegin>1</IssueNumberBegin>
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					<IssueSequence>000015000119850101</IssueSequence>
					<IssuePublicationDate>
						<CoverDate Year="1985" Month="1" Day="1"/>
						<CoverDisplay>Number 1 / 1985-86</CoverDisplay>
					</IssuePublicationDate>
					<IssueID>K8XUWYFKBXDW</IssueID>
					<IssueURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=issue&amp;id=K8XUWYFKBXDW</IssueURL>
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				<Article ArticleType="Original">
					<ArticleInfo Free="No" ESM="No">
						<ArticleDOI>10.2190/J56A-BA1T-WL9K-Q3TY</ArticleDOI>
						<ArticlePII>J56ABA1TWL9KQ3TY</ArticlePII>
						<ArticleSequenceNumber>2</ArticleSequenceNumber>
						<ArticleTitle Language="En">Siting Low-Level Radioactive Waste Facilities</ArticleTitle>
						<ArticleFirstPage>19</ArticleFirstPage>
						<ArticleLastPage>43</ArticleLastPage>
						<ArticleHistory>
							<RegistrationDate>20020509</RegistrationDate>
							<ReceivedDate>20020509</ReceivedDate>
							<Accepted>20020509</Accepted>
							<OnlineDate>20020509</OnlineDate>
						</ArticleHistory>
						<FullTextFileName>J56ABA1TWL9KQ3TY.pdf</FullTextFileName>
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						<Composite>1</Composite>
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					<ArticleHeader>
						<AuthorGroup>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Joseph</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Di Mento</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>William</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Lambert</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Luis</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Suarez-Villa</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>James</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Tripodes</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A1">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>University of California, Irvine</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
						</AuthorGroup>
						<Abstract Language="En">Siting of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) facilities poses a significant planning challenge—one that must be addressed under federal law by 1986. While the public is apprehensive about LLW, it shows no indication of stopping consumption of goods and services which generate it. The siting activity, possessing some unique complicating characteristics, falls within a class of activities defined by uncertain costs and both discreet localized and pervasive societal benefits. This article describes a siting process for LLW facilities. It addresses siting as a sociopolitical as well as a technical problem. Roles for a range of actors interested in siting are identified and stages in choosing sites are described. Degrees of involvement for each set of actors at each stage in siting are suggested. The process is conceptualized as one of state directed balancing under a large number of technical and social constraints. A central role for elected officials is developed and the need for identification of a managing &quot;lead agency&quot; is recognized; but tie process relies on participation by all affected actors.</Abstract>
						<biblist>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="1">National Academy of Sciences, &lt;i&gt;The Shallow Land Burial of Low-Level Radioactively Contaminated Solid Waste&lt;/i&gt;, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1976.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="2">J. P. Murray, J. J. Harrington, and R. Wilson, Chemical and Nuclear Waste Disposal, &lt;i&gt;Cato Journal, 2&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 565-606, 1982.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="3">EG&amp;G Idaho, Inc., The 1980 State-by-State Assessment of Low-Level Radioactive Wastes Shipped to Commercial Disposal Sites, National Low-Level Waste Management Program, LLWMP-11T, 1982.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="4">EG&amp;G Idaho, Inc., &lt;i&gt;Managing Low-Level Radioactive Wastes: A Proposed Approach&lt;/i&gt;, 1983.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="5">S. M. Nealey and J. A. Hebert, Public Attitudes Towards Radioactive Waste, in &lt;i&gt;Too Hot to Handle? Social and Policy Issues in the Management of Radioactive Wastes&lt;/i&gt;, C. W. Walker, L. C. Gould, and E. J. Woodhouse (eds.), Yale University Press, New Haven, pp. 94-111, 1983.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="6">F. Popper, Siting Lulu's, &lt;i&gt;Planning, 47&lt;/i&gt;:4, pp. 12-15, 1981.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="7">A. D. Tarlock, &quot;Anywhere But Here&quot;: An Introduction to State Control of Hazardous-Waste Facility Location, &lt;i&gt;Land Use and Environmental Law Review, 14&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 533-573, 1983.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="8">B. D. E. Canter, Hazardous Waste Disposal and the New State Siting Programs, &lt;i&gt;Natural Resources Lawyer, 14&lt;/i&gt;:3, pp. 421-455, 1982.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="9">D. Morell and C. Magorian, &lt;i&gt;Siting Hazardous Waste Facilities&lt;/i&gt;, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, 1982.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="10">M. H. O'Hare, &quot;Not On &lt;i&gt;My&lt;/i&gt; Block You Don't&quot;: Faculty Siting and the Strategic Importance of Compensation, &lt;i&gt;Public Policy, 25&lt;/i&gt;:4, pp. 407-458, 1977.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="11">A. D. Tarlock, State Versus Local Control of Hazardous Waste Facility Siting—Who Decides in Whose Backyard?, &lt;i&gt;Zoning and Planning Law Report, 7&lt;/i&gt;:2 &amp; 3, pp. 1-15, 1984.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="12">D. Hill, B. L. Pierce, W. C. Metz, M. D. Rowe, E. T. Haefele, F. C. Bryant, and E. J. Tuthill, Management of High-Level Waste Repository Siting, &lt;i&gt;Science, 218&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 857-864, 1982.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="13">S. R. Boyle, An Analysis of Siting New Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Through a Compensation and Incentives Approach, Environmental Health Planning Training Program, Department of City and Regional Planning and the Program in Urban and Regional Studies, Ithaca, NY, 1982.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="14">S. M. Wolf, Public Opposition to Hazardous Waste Sites: The Self-Defeating Approach to National Hazardous Waste Control Under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, &lt;i&gt;Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 8&lt;/i&gt;:3, pp. 463-540, 1980.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="15">United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, &lt;i&gt;Final Environmental Impact Statement on 10 CFR Part 61 Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of Radioactive Wastes&lt;/i&gt;, Volumes 1-3, NUREG-0945, 1982.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="16">K. L. Falconer, L. C. Hull, and S. A. Mizell, Site Selection Criteria for Shallow Land Burial of Low-Level Radioactive Waste, &lt;i&gt;Waste Management '82&lt;/i&gt;, Volume II, Proceedings of the Symposium on Waste Management at Tucson, Arizona, March 8-11, 1982, pp. 199-214.</bibtext>
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							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="17">P. Slovic, B. Fischhoff, and S. Lichtenstein, Rating the Risks, &lt;i&gt;Environment, 21&lt;/i&gt;:3, pp. 14-39, 1979.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="18">Midwest—CSG Mfg. Focuses on Compact Changes, &lt;i&gt;The Radioactive Exchange, 2&lt;/i&gt;:13, p. 8, August 31, 1983.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="19">J. F. DiMento, &lt;i&gt;Managing Environmental Change: A Legal and Behavioral Perspective&lt;/i&gt;, Praeger, New York, 1976.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="20">&lt;i&gt;The Radioactive Exchange, 2&lt;/i&gt;:15-16, p. 4, October 28, 1983.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="21">L. Susskind, Personal Communication, June 9, 1984.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="22">P. Sabatier, Social Movements and Regulatory Agencies: Toward a More Adequate and Less Pessimistic Theory of Clientele Capture, &lt;i&gt;Policy Sciences, 30&lt;/i&gt;, 1975.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="23">D. W. Ducsik, Citizen Participation in Power Plant Siting, &lt;i&gt;Journal of the American Planning Association, 47&lt;/i&gt;:2, pp. 154-166, 1981.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="24">T. J. Lowi, &lt;i&gt;The End of Liberalism: The Second Republic of the United States&lt;/i&gt;, 2nd Edition, Norton, New York, 1979.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="25">J. Friend, J. Power, and C. Yewlett, &lt;i&gt;Public Planning: The Intercorporate Dimension&lt;/i&gt;, Tavistock Publications, London, 1974.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="26">United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, &lt;i&gt;System Analysis of Shallow Land Burial&lt;/i&gt;, Volumes 1-3, NUREG/CR-1963, 1981.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="27">A. Tversky and D. Kahneman, Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, &lt;i&gt;Science, 125&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 1124-1131, 1974.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="28">National Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Program, A Process for Locating Shallow Land Burial Sites for Low-Level Radioactive Waste, DOE/LLW-16T, 1983.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="29">E. A. Cederborg and R. J. Tosetti, Site Selection for Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites, &lt;i&gt;Waste Management '82&lt;/i&gt;, Volume II, Proceedings of the Symposium on Waste Management at Tucson, Arizona, March 8-11, 1982, pp. 215-233.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="30">United States Environmental Protection Agency, Storage of Low-Level Radioactive Wastes in the Ground: Hydrogeologic and Hydrochemical Factors, EPA-520/3-74-004, Washington, DC, 1974.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="31">B. A. Ackerman and N. T. Hassler, &lt;i&gt;Clean Coal: Dirty Air&lt;/i&gt;, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1981.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="32">R. F. Anderson and M. R. Greenberg, Hazardous Waste Facility Siting: A Role for Planners, &lt;i&gt;American Planning Association Journal, 48&lt;/i&gt;:3, pp. 204-218, 1982.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="33">California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission, &lt;i&gt;Siting Manual: Thermal Power Plan Site Screening and Site Evaluation&lt;/i&gt;, (Prepared by EDAW, Inc.), Sacramento, CA, 1976.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="34">Comptroller General of the United States, Improvements Needed in the Land Disposal of Radioactive Wastes—A Problem of Centuries, &lt;i&gt;Report to the Congress&lt;/i&gt;, Washington, DC, 1976.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="35">L. S. Karably and H. S. Arora, New Directions in LLW Disposal Site Evaluation Criteria, &lt;i&gt;Waste Management '82&lt;/i&gt;, Volume II, Proceedings of the Symposium on Waste Management at Tucson, Arizona, March 8-11, 1982, pp. 271-279.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="36">P. Rietveld, &lt;i&gt;Multiple Objective Decision Methods and Regional Planning&lt;/i&gt;, Studies in Regional Science and Urban Economics, Volume 7, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1980.</bibtext>
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						</biblist>
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