10.2190/FD6U-9FFH-EAYM-41UM FD6U9FFHEAYM41UM 5 Modern Research Tools on the "Society-Natural Environment" System in Soviet Geography 59 69 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 FD6U9FFHEAYM41UM.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=FD6U9FFHEAYM41UM 1 V. S. Tikunov Geography Department, Moscow State University, U.S.S.R. Potential uses of geographic information systems in research on the "society-natural environment" system are examined. New advances in Soviet geoinformation technology and needs for developing spatio-temporal modeling methods and computer "expert systems" are described. New techniques for representing the spatial characteristics of anthropogenic natural environment systems are characterized.

A. Gromyko, The Urgent Task of Soviets, Kommunist, 3, pp. 12-26, 1988 (in Russian).

A. G. Isachenko, Geographic Aspects of Nature-Society Interaction and the Integration Perspectives in Geography, Izv. Vses. Geogr. Obsh. (Reports of the All-Union Geogr. Soc), 119:1, pp. 3-13, 1987 (in Russian).

G. A. Bachinsky, Some Theoretical and Applied Problems of Social Ecology, Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograph. Obschchestva (Reports of the All-Union Geographic Society), 117:6, pp. 543-552, 1985 (in Russian).

Yu. D. Dmitrevsky and S. B. Lavroy, Economico-Ecological Problems of Capitalist and Developing Countries, Prosveshchenie, Moscow, 152 pp., 1978 (in Russian).

E. V. Girusov, The "Society-Nature" System (Social Ecology Problems), Moscow State University Publ., Moscow, 168 pp., 1979 (in Russian).

V. M. Kotlyakov, Geography and Ecological Problems, Izv. AN SSSR (Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences), Ser. Geogr., 6, pp. 45-61, 1987 (in Russian).

S. B. Lavrov, Theoretical Problems of Social Ecology and Geography, in The Geographic-Ecological Aspects of Economic and Social Planning, Geogr. Soc. of the USSR, Leningrad, pp. 3-11, 1980 (in Russian).

Yu. G. Markov, Social Ecology, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 174 pp, 1986 (in Russian).

N. K. Mukitanov, Institute of Geography of the Kazakh SSR: Academy of Sciences: Issues and Prospects, Izv. AN SSSR (Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences), Ser. Geogr., 5, pp. 87-92, 1987 (in Russian).

N. F. Reimers, Human Ecology as an Interplanetary Field of Activity, in Theory and Methodology of Geographic Studies of Human Ecology, Institute of Geography, The USSR Academy of Science, Moscow, pp. 23-28, 1974 (in Russian).

L. Ya. Sakseltseva, Towards an Analysis of the Objective Basis of Social Ecology, in Society and Nature: Methodological Problems, Saratov., pp. 60-67, 1987 (in Russian).

A. V. Koshkarev and V. P. Karakin, Regional Geoinformation Systems, Nauka, Moscow, 128 pp., 1987 (in Russian).

A. M. Trofimov and M. V. Panasyuk, Geoinformation Systems and Environment Management Problems, Kazan University Publ., Kazan, 1984 (in Russian).

M. Konecny and K. Rais, Geograficke Informacni Systemy, in Folia Prirodoved. Fak. UJEP v Brne, 26:13, 196 s, 1985.

P. V. Petrov and Yu. V. Sventek, The System of Storing and Retrieved of Mapping Information in Computer-Based Cartographic System, in Geographic Databanks for Thematic Mapping, Moscow State University Publ., Moscow, pp. 105-113, 1987 (in Russian).

J. Martin, Data Base Organization in Computer Systems, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 662 pp., 1980 (in Russian).

S. N. Serbenyuk and V. S. Tikunov, The Automation in Thematic Cartography, Moscow State University Publ., Moscow, 112 pp., 1987 (in Russian).

S. Openshaw, An Automated Geographical Analysis System, Environ. and Planning, 19:4, pp. 431-436, 1987.

M. J. Jackson and D. C. Mason, The Development of Integrated Geoinformation Systems, Int. J. Remote Sens., 7:6, pp. 723-740, 1986.

G. G. Wilkinson and P. P. Fisher, Reeent Development and Future Trends in Geo-Information Systems, Cartogr. J., 24:1, pp. 64-70, 1987.

M. D. Gwynne, GEMS and the Need for a Global Resource Information Database, Sci. Total Environ., 56, pp. 19-29, 1986.

D. M. McKeown, The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Integration of Remotely Sensed Data with Geographic Information Systems, IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens., 25:3, pp. 330-348, 1987.

V. B. Robinson, A. U. Frank, and M. A. Blaze, Expert Systems and Geographic Information Systems: Review and Prospects, J. Surv. Eng., 112:2, pp. 119-130, 1986.

J. A. T. Young, Remote Sensing and an Experimental Geographic Information System for Environmental Monitoring, Resource Planning, and Management, Int. J. Remote Sens., 7:6, pp. 741-744, 1986.

D. Bickmore, Scientific Roles for the New Cartography, Cartogr. J., 24:1, pp. 56-58, 1987.

M. V. Panasyuk, Geoinformation Systems and the Mathematical-Geographic Modeling, in The Mathematical-Geographic Modeling of Territorial Systems, Kazan University Publ., Kazan, pp. 54-64, 1984 (in Russian).

V. Frolov, Computer Acquires "Intelligence," Pravda, December 15, 1986 (in Russian).

A. Endry, Artificial Intelligence, Mir Publishing, Moscow, 264 pp., 1985 (in Russian).

G. Pospelov, Artificial Intelligence—A New Basis for Information Technology, Kommunist, 1, pp. 88-96, 1988 (in Russian).

G. S. Pospelov and D. A. Pospelov, Artificial Intelligence: Applied Systems, Znanie, Moscow, 48 pp. (in Russian).

K. Brassel, A Topological Data Structure for Multi-Element Map Processing, Symposium on Geographic Information Systems, 4, p. 18, 1978.

F. Bouille., Cartographie Thematique Informatique, Applications, Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lisboa, 1-3, 4-6, pp. 5-54, 1978.

D. M. Mark, Recursive Algorithm for Determination of Proximal (Thiessen) Polygons in Any Metric Space, Geogr. Anal., 19:3, pp. 264-272, 1987.

W. R. Tobler and Z.-T. Chen, A Quadtree for Global Information Storage, Geogr. Anal., 18:4, pp. 360-371, 1986.

T. C. Waugh, A Response to Recent Papers and Articles on the Use of Guadtrees for Geographic Information Systems, Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Seattle, pp. 33-37, 1986.

V. S. Tikunov, Application of the Methods for Modeling the Thematic Contents of Maps in Social Ecology, in The Role of Geography in Accelerating Scientific and Technological Progress, Abstract of the report at the meeting of Siberia and Far East geographers, iss. II. Irkutsk, pp. 113-115, 1986 (in Russian).

V. A. Bakarasov, The Problem of Boundaries of Natural-Anthropogenic Geosystems, in Geographic Aspects of Rational Nature Management, Minsk, pp. 19-25, 1985 (in Russian).

A. A. Belashev, V. K. Slyusarenko, and N. V. Borzilov, The Experience of Ecologo-Economical Zoning of Voroshilovgrad District, Izv. AN SSSR (Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences), Ser. Geogr., 5, pp. 124-129, 1982 (in Russian).

L. M. Korytny, A Geosystem-Hydrological Approach to Natural-Economic Regionalization, in Geographiya i Prirodnye Resursy, 2, pp. 152-158, 1987 (in Russian).

V. S. Tikunov, Mathematization of Thematic Cartography, Vladivostok, 1986 (in Russian).

D. A. Griffith., Toward a Theory of Spatial Statistics: Another Step Forward, Geogr. Anal., 19:1, pp. 69-82, 1987.

L. I. Vasilevsky and P. I. Polyan, Mapping of Territorial Structure Parameters, in Theory and Methodology of Economic-Geographic Research, Moscow Branch of the All-Union Geogr. Soc., Moscow, pp. 34-47, undated (in Russian).

V. S. Tikunov, Modeling in the Socio-Economic Cartography, Moscow State University Publ., Moscow, 280 pp., 1985 (in Russian).

Second All-Union School-Seminar on Classification Methodology and Theory: "The Modern State and Prospects of Development of the Classification Teaching," Borok, 41 pp., 1985 (in Russian).

L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy Sets, Information and Control, 8, pp. 338-353, 1965.

I. Gitman, An Algorithm for Nonsupervised Pattern Classification, IEEE Trans. on SMC, 3:1, pp. 66-73, 1973.

C. Rolland-May, La Theorie des ensembles flous et son interet en geographie, Espase Geogr., 16:1, pp. 42-50, 1987.

S. Tamura, S. Higushi, and K. Tanaka, Pattern Classification Based on Fuzzy Relations, IEEE Trans. on SMC, SMC-1:1, pp. 61-66, 1971.

L. Yee, Basic Issues of Fuzzy Set Theoretic Spatial Analysis, Pap. Reg. Sci. Assoc., 58, pp. 35-46, 1985.

R. Zhao and Z. Liu, The Use of Fuzzy Sets in the Assessment of Land Resources, Dili Kexue (Sci. Geogr. Sin.), 5:1, pp. 68-72, 1985 (in Chinese).

H. Couclelis, Artificial Intelligence in Geography: Conjectures on the Shape of Things to Come, Prof. Geogr., 38:1, pp. 1-11, 1986.

J. D. Nystuen, Comment on "Artificial Intelligence and Its Applicability to Geographical Problem Solving," in Prof. Geogr., 36, pp. 358-359, 1984.

T. R. Smith, Artificial Intelligence and Its Applicability to Geographical Problem Solving, Prof. Geogr., 36, pp. 147-158, 1984.

N. L. Beruchashvili, K. S. Kvinikhidze, and V. V. Chavchanidze, The Formation of Concepts ("Calculational Notions") of the Landscape Based on the Artificial Conceptual Intelligence Theory, Report of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 81:1, pp. 57-60, 1976 (in Russian).

A. S. Vasmuth, Artificial Intelligence in Geography, Proceedings of the All-Union Science-Technological Conference "State and Prospects of Development of Geodesy and Cartography" Moscow, pp. 95-102, 1986 (in Russian).

E. B. Hunt, Artificial Intelligence, Academic Press, New York, 1975.

A. Bruking, P. Johnes, F. Kox, et al., Expert Systems: Operation Principles and Examples, P. M. Forsight (ed.), Radio i Svyaz, Moscow, 224 pp., 1987 (in Russian).

V. I. Kravtsova and V. S. Tikunov, Information Support for Geographic Research, in The Subject System Mapping with Applying the Automation and Remote Sensing Methods, Moscow Branch of the All-Union Geogr. Soc., Moscow, pp. 70-86, 1986 (in Russian).

V. S. Tikunov and D. B. Shustrov, Tools for Computer-Based Map Compilation, in Automation in Thematic Cartography, Moscow Branch of the All-Union Geogr. Soc., Moscow, pp. 22-40, 1985 (in Russian).

N. L. Beruchashvili, Some Problems of Modern Mapping, Izv. Vses. Geogr. Obsh. (Report of the All-Union Geogr. Soc), 119:1, pp. 28-32, 1987 (in Russian).

A. N. Molochko, Multiplication Principles in Cartographic Modeling, in The Mapping Support for Major Trends of Economic and Social Development of the Ukrainian SSR and Its Regions, Abstracts of Reports at the 6th Rep. Sci. Conf., Chernovtsy, pp. 214-215, 1987 (in Russian).

G. H. Dutton, American Graph Fleeting, a Computer-Holograph Map Animation of United States Population Growth 1790-1970, in Computer Mapping in Education Research and Medicine, Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 53-62, 1979.