10.2190/WTYL-696C-4BC0-CC97 WTYL696C4BC0CC97 3 The Reaction of Organic Nitrogen Compounds with Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide 33 43 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 WTYL696C4BC0CC97.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=WTYL696C4BC0CC97 1 M. M. Varma F. R. Niles J. H. Johnson Department of Civil Engineering, Howard University Morgenroth and Associates, Boston, Massachusetts Howard University When chlorine and chlorine dioxide are separately interacted with the nitrogenous compounds, namely, adenine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil, and in the concentration range of 0.001 to 0.28 mm/l, chlorine exhibited a higher selectivity for cytosine and thymine, when the concentrations of nitrogenous compounds were held constant. Under similar conditions, there were no reactions with chlorine dioxide. These findings herald inroads into an understanding of chlorine-DNA dynamics and the resulting mutagenic effect, and the associated health impacts of disinfecting municipal water and wastewater by chlorination. A. M. Duffield, <i>Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 53</i>, p. 1195, 1973. J. P. Gould, Preprints of paper presented at the 175th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, March 1978. R. Prat, C. Nofre, and A. Cier, <i>Annals of the Institute of Pasteur, 114</i>, p. 595, 1968. K. J. Guter, W. J. Cooper, and C. A. Sorber, Evaluation of Existing Field Test Kits for Determining Free Chlorine Residuals in Aqueous Solutions, <i>Journal of the American Water Works Association, 66</i>, pp. 38-43, 1974. J. Gould, Evidence that Chlorination May Form Mutagens, <i>Chemical and Engineering News</i>, p. 33, March 17, 1978. B. Rosen and R. Rothman, Miscoding Caused by 5-Fluorouracil, <i>Journal of Molecular Biology, 44</i>:2, pp. 363-375, September 14, 1969. D. B. Dunn and J. D. Smith, Incorporation of Halogenated Pyrimidines into the Deoxyribonucleic Acids of Bacterium Coli and Its Bacteriophages, <i>Nature, 174</i>:4424, pp. 305-306, August 14, 1954. D. B. Dunn and J. D. Smith, Effects of 5-Halogenated Uracils on the Growth of Escherichia Coli and Their Incorporation into Deoxyribonucleic Acids, <i>Biochemical Journal, 67</i>, pp. 494-506, 1957. P. Roy-Burman, <i>Analogs of Nucleic Acid Components</i>, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970. R. L. Jolley, Chlorination Effects on Organic Constituents in Effluents from Domestic Sanitary Sewage Treatment Plants, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tennessee, August 1973. G. R. Southworth and C. W. Gehrs, Photolysis of 5-Chlorouracil in Natural Waters, <i>Water Research, 10</i>, pp. 967-971, 1976. W. E. Knox, et al., The Inhibition of Sulfhydryl as the Basis of Bacteriocidal Action of Chlorine, <i>Journal of Bacteriology, 55</i>, p. 451, 1948. V. Olivieri, et al., Reaction of Chlorine and Chloroamines with Nucleic Acids under Disinfection Conditions, Third World Chlorination Conference, R. Jolley, 1979. D. B. Williams, The Organic Nitrogen Problem, <i>Journal of the American Water Works Association, 43</i>, pp. 837-846, October 1951. W. S. Gardner and G. F. Tee, Gas Chromatographic Procedure to Analyze Amino Acids in Lake Waters, <i>Environmental Science and Technology, 7</i>, p. 717724, 1973. N. M. Ram and J. C. Morris, Selective Passage of Hydrophylic Nitrogeneous Organic Material through Macroreticular Resins, <i>Environmental Science and Technology, 16</i>, pp. 170-174, 1982. J. J. Rook, Formation of Halogen during Chlorination of Natural Waters, <i>Water Treatment Examination</i>, p. 231, 1974. T. A. Bellar, et al., The Occurrence of Organohalides in Finished Drinking Water, <i>Journal of the American Water Works Association, 66</i>:12, p. 703, 1974. <i>Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater</i>, 15th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, D. C., 1980.