10.2190/N45A-EKAK-PDCY-5X5H N45AEKAKPDCY5X5H 1 A Preliminary Investigation into the Mass Transfer Properties of a Pesticide onto Abiotic Media 91 109 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 N45AEKAKPDCY5X5H.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=N45AEKAKPDCY5X5H 2 Z. Chen W. F. McTernan A. L. Hines Oklahoma State University, Stillwater University of Missouri, Columbia The effects of mass transfer properties on pesticide transport through a lab scale soil-water system were evaluated with alternative kinetically based model formulations. External and Internal Resistance as well as Surface Kinetic approaches were employed. Statistical procedures were used in subsequent data analysis to identify model conformance to collected data. The results of the experimtnal phase of the research indicated that the soil adsorptive capacity increased significantly with the removal of lipids and resins, suggesting that specific types rather than the sum of soil organics affected the adsorption process. While all three models satisfactorily predicted the ultimate capacity, only the Surface Kinetic approach simulated the shape of the breakthrough curves. The low soil organic contents and inherent surface heterogeneities apparently resulted in incomplete coatings of the soil particles and diminished the utility of the External and Internal Resistance Models. These are based upon the asusmption of constant adsoprtive potentials. The Surface-Kinetic Model effectively addressed this problem. In contrast to traditional adsorption theory, the transfer of an organic solute from liquid to soil may be due to several mechanisms resulting in the adsorption of solute onto the mineral surface as well as a partitioning of adsorbate into the soil humic materials themselves. Further studies on these processes are necessary for a better understanding of the solute transport process in the soil-water system. S. M. Lambert, Omega, A Useful Index of Soil Sorption Equilibria, <i>Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemicals, 16</i>, pp. 340-343, 1968. P. E. Porter and D. W. Schmedding, Partition Equilibria of Non-Ionic Organic Compounds between Soil Organic Matter and Water, <i>Science and Technology, 17</i>, pp. 227-231, 1983. S. W. Karichhoff, D. S. Brown, and T. A. Scott, Sorption of Hydrophobic Pollutants on Natural Sediments, <i>Water Research, 13</i>, pp. 241-248, 1979. J. C. Means, S. G. Wood, J. J. Hassett, and W. L. Banwart, Sorption of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Sediments and Soils, <i>Environmental Science and Technology, 14</i>, pp. 1524-1528, 1980. R. P. Schwarzenbach and J. Westall, Transport of Nonpolar Organic Compounds from Surface Water to Groundwater, Laboratory Sorption Studies, <i>Environmental Science and Technology, 15</i>, pp. 1360-1367, 1981. C. H. F. Timmermans, et al., FLODIN: A Computer Program for the Spreading of Hydrophobic Contaminants, in <i>Contaminated Soil</i>, J. W. Assink, et al. (eds.), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Pordrecht, The Netherlands, 1986. R. A. Freeze and J. A. Cherry, <i>Groundwater</i>, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1979. J. F. Kou, E. O. Pedram, A. L. Hines, and W. F. McTernan, Kinetics of Adsorption of Organics from Water Produced during <i>in situ</i> Tar Sands Experiments, <i>Chemical Engineering Communication, 50</i>, pp. 201-211, 1987. A. L. Hines and R. N. Maddox, <i>Mass Transfer Fundamental and Applications</i>, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1985. E. O. Pedram, A. L. Hines, and D. O. Cooney, Kinetics of Adsorption of Organics from an Above-Ground Oil Shale Retort Water, <i>Chemical Engineering Communication, 19</i>, pp. 167-175, 1982. J. C. Crittenden and W. J. Weber, Predictive Model for Design of Fixed-Bed Adsorbers: Single Component Model Verification, <i>Journal of Environmental Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 104</i>, pp. 185-197, 1978. H. C. Thomas, Chromatography: A Problem in Kinetics, <i>Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 49</i>, p. 161, 1948. R. L. Wershaw, A New Model for Humic Materials and Their Interactions with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals in Soil-Water or Sediment-Water System, <i>Journal of Contaminants Hydrology, 1</i>, pp. 29, 45, 1986. S. W. Karichhoff, Sorption Kinetics of Hydrophobic Pollutants in Natural Sediments, in <i>Contaminants and Sediments</i>, R. A Baker (ed.), Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 1980. P. L. McCarty, M. Reinhard, and B. E. Rittman, Trace Organics in Groundwater, <i>Environmental Science and Technology, 15</i>, pp. 40-51, 1981. F. J. Stevenson, Gross Chemical Fractionation of Organic Matter, <i>Soil Chemical Analysis</i>, 1965. H. E. Gaudette and W. R. Flight, An Inexpensive Titration Method for the Determination of Organic Carbon in Recent Sediments, <i>Journal of Sedimentary Petroleum, 44</i>, pp. 249-253, 1974. P. Ho, Adsorption of Lindane onto Whole Soil, Soil Fractions and Microbial Biomass, Master's Thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 1988. K. E. Thrun and J. Oberholtzer, Evaluation Techniques to Analyze Organics in Water, <i>Advances in the Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water</i>, Ann Arbor Publishing, Inc., Michigan, 1981. F. Helfferich, <i>Ion Exchange</i>, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962. S. N. Yee, <i>How to Run the Stat Program, Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology</i>, (2nd Edition), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986. Y. O. Shin, J. J. Chodan, and A. R. Wolcott, Adsorption of DDT by Soils, Soil Fractions, and Biological Materials, <i>Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemicals, 18</i>, pp. 1129-1133, 1970. R. H. Pierce, Jr., et al. Pesticide Adsorption in Soils and Sediments, <i>Environmental Letters, 1</i>, pp. 157-172, 1971. A. Walker and D. V. Crawford, <i>Isotopes and Radiation in Soil Organic-Water Studies</i>, I. A. E. A., Vienna, pp. 91-105, 1968.