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		<PublisherName>Baywood Publishing Company</PublisherName>
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	<Journal>
		<JournalInfo JournalType="Journals">
			<JournalPrintISSN>0047-2433</JournalPrintISSN>
			<JournalElectronicISSN>1541-3802</JournalElectronicISSN>
			<JournalTitle>Journal of Environmental Systems</JournalTitle>
			<JournalCode>BWES</JournalCode>
			<JournalID>300323</JournalID>
			<JournalURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=journal&amp;id=300323</JournalURL>
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		<Volume>
			<VolumeInfo>
				<VolumeNumber>21</VolumeNumber>
			</VolumeInfo>
			<Issue>
				<IssueInfo IssueType="Regular">
					<IssueNumberBegin>2</IssueNumberBegin>
					<IssueNumberEnd>2</IssueNumberEnd>
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					<IssueSequence>000021000219910101</IssueSequence>
					<IssuePublicationDate>
						<CoverDate Year="1991" Month="1" Day="1"/>
						<CoverDisplay>Number 2 / 1991-92</CoverDisplay>
					</IssuePublicationDate>
					<IssueID>E5EQVFRTDVNJ</IssueID>
					<IssueURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=issue&amp;id=E5EQVFRTDVNJ</IssueURL>
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				<Article ArticleType="Original">
					<ArticleInfo Free="No" ESM="No">
						<ArticleDOI>10.2190/48JF-9P4G-7GL1-TH44</ArticleDOI>
						<ArticlePII>48JF9P4G7GL1TH44</ArticlePII>
						<ArticleSequenceNumber>2</ArticleSequenceNumber>
						<ArticleTitle Language="En">Transport and Retention of Microorganisms in Porous Media: Comparison of Numerical Techniques and Parameter Estimation</ArticleTitle>
						<ArticleFirstPage>121</ArticleFirstPage>
						<ArticleLastPage>142</ArticleLastPage>
						<ArticleHistory>
							<RegistrationDate>20020509</RegistrationDate>
							<ReceivedDate>20020509</ReceivedDate>
							<Accepted>20020509</Accepted>
							<OnlineDate>20020509</OnlineDate>
						</ArticleHistory>
						<FullTextFileName>48JF9P4G7GL1TH44.pdf</FullTextFileName>
						<FullTextURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&amp;id=48JF9P4G7GL1TH44</FullTextURL>
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					<ArticleHeader>
						<AuthorGroup>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Raghava</GivenName>
								<Initials>R.</Initials>
								<FamilyName>Kommalapati</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Guang-Te</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Wang</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Dipak</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Roy</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Donald</GivenName>
								<Initials>Dean</Initials>
								<FamilyName>Adrian</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A1">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>Department of Civil Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
						</AuthorGroup>
						<Abstract Language="En">Governing equations for the transport and retention of microorganisms in porous medium are reviewed and modified to describe various experimental conditions. Analytical solution and a numerical solution by Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) are available for a simplified case of transport of microorganisms in one dimensional flow through saturated porous medium. This article investigates a different numerical method, orthogonal collocation method (OCM), which is known to be more efficient and effective computationally, for solving the transport equations. The solutions obtained by these two numerical methods are compared with the analytical solution for the simplified case. The agreement between the numerical prediction by OCM and the analytical solution was observed to be better than that between the analytical solution and GFEM solution. The governing equations and the boundary conditions were further modified for unsaturated soil condition and solved by the OCM to verify the model using the experimental data available in the literature. As the values of the constants in the model for transport of microbes through porous media have never been established, a sensitivity analysis was performed to find the coefficients for effective dispersion, clogging and declogging of microbes in soil medium.</Abstract>
						<biblist>
							<bib-other>
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							<bib-other>
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								<bibtext seqNum="5">M. Y. Corapcioglu and A. Haridas, Transport and Fate of Microorganisms in Porous Media: A Theoretical Investigation, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Hydrology, 72&lt;/i&gt;:1/2, pp. 149-169, 1984.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="9">A. Adin and M. Rebhun, A Model to Predict Concentration and Head Losses in Filtration, &lt;i&gt;Journal of the American Water Works Association, 69&lt;/i&gt;:8, pp. 444-453, 1977.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="10">T. R. Camp, Theory of Filtration, &lt;i&gt;Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings of the ASCE, 90&lt;/i&gt;:SA4(3), 1964.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="11">K. M. Yao, M. T. Habibian, and C. R. O'Melia, Water and Wastewater Filtration: Concepts and Applications, &lt;i&gt;Environmental Science and Technology, 5&lt;/i&gt;:11, pp. 1105-1112, 1971.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="12">D. M. Mints, Filtration Kinetics of a Low Concentration Suspension in Water of Water Clarification Filters, &lt;i&gt;Dokl, Akad. Nuak., S. S. S. R., 78&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 315-318, 1951.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="13">C. P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and J. L. Melnick, Fate of Waste Water Bacteria and Viruses in Soil, &lt;i&gt;Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, Proceedings of the ASCE, 101&lt;/i&gt;:IR3, pp. 157-174, September 1975.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="14">J. P. Herzig, D. M. Leclerc, and P. Le golf, Flow of Suspensions through Porous Media-Application to Deep Filtration, in &lt;i&gt;Flow through Porous Media&lt;/i&gt;, American Chemical Society Publications, Washington, D. C., pp. 129-157, 1970.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="15">F. W. Dahlquist, P. Lovely, and D. E. Koshland, Quantitative Analysis of Bacterial Migration in Chemotaxis, &lt;i&gt;Nature New Biology, 236&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 120-123, March 29, 1972.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="16">G. Matthess and A. Pekdeger, Concepts of Survival and Transport Model of Pathogenic Bacteria and Viruses in Ground Water, in &lt;i&gt;Quality of Ground Water&lt;/i&gt;, P. Glasberger and H. V. Leyveld (eds.), Proceedings of an International Symposium, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, March 1981.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="18">H. F. Wang and M. P. Anderson, &lt;i&gt;Introduction to Ground Water Modeling: Finite Element Methods&lt;/i&gt;, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, California, pp. 185-189, 1982.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="19">A. G. Hansen, &lt;i&gt;Similarity Analyses of Boundary Value Problems in Engineering&lt;/i&gt;, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, p. 2, 1964.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="20">C. Polprasert and L. H. Hoang, Kinetics of Bacteria and Bacteriophages in Anaerobic Filters, &lt;i&gt;Journal, Water Pollution Control Federation, 35&lt;/i&gt;:4, pp. 385-391, 1983.</bibtext>
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							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="21">T. A. Ring, Bed Filtration of Colloidal Particles, Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Institute of Mining Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, 1983.</bibtext>
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							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="22">J. F. Sykes, S. Soyupak, and G. J. Farquhar, Modelling of Leachate Organic Migration and Attenuation in Ground Waters below Sanitary Landfills, &lt;i&gt;Water Resources Research, 18&lt;/i&gt;:1, pp. 135-145, 1982.</bibtext>
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								<bibtext seqNum="23">R. A. Freeze and J. A. Cherry, &lt;i&gt;Ground Water&lt;/i&gt;, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, p. 29, 1979.</bibtext>
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						</biblist>
					</ArticleHeader>
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