10.2190/2MTV-KFMV-XC19-R6K9 2MTVKFMVXC19R6K9 2 Risk Reduction through Regulatory Control of Waste Disposal Facility Siting 27 35 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 2MTVKFMVXC19R6K9.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=2MTVKFMVXC19R6K9 1 F. G. Wright H. I. Inyang V. B. Myers U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Structural failure of hazardous waste management facilities and consequent undesirable environmental and human health effects can result from natural and human-made hazards in sensitive environments. Potential hazards include catastrophic release of toxic materials into water, soil, and air; rapid and widespread transport of hazardous contaminants; and impracticable cleanup measures. Site-specific factors and facility type control the magnitude of the above-stated risks. Various approaches can be adopted to minimize potential facility damages and environmental degradation, including control of the facility's location and design conservatism. Since a host of economic and administrative factors are important to hazardous waste facility siting, the provision of incentives to facility planners to adopt good siting practices may enhance the implementation of siting plans that reduce risk. Several environments are assessed for their sensitivity to damages from hazardous waste installations. Measures of minimizing risk through location and design controls are discussed. U. S. EPA, <i>Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment</i>, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C., EPA/630/R-92/001, 1992. U. S. EPA, <i>DRASTIC: A Standardized System for Evaluating Ground-Water Pollution Potential Using Hydrogeologic Settings</i>, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma, 1985. U. S. NRC, <i>A Summary of Repository Siting Models</i>, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D. C., NUREG/CR-2782, 1982. B. Ross, C. M. Koplik, M. S. Guiffre, S. P. Hodgin, and J. J. Duffy, NUTRAN: A Computer Model of Long-Term Hazards from Waste Repositories, <i>The Analytic Sciences Corporation Report UCRL-15150</i>, 1979. U. S. G. S., <i>Map of Horizontal Acceleration, A, in Rock with 90 Percent Probability of Not Being Exceeded in 250 Years</i>, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 1988. U. S. G. S., <i>Engineering Aspects of Karst</i>, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 1984. N. Chamon and L. Dobereiner, An Example of the Use of Geophysical Methods for the Investigation of a Cavern in Sandstones, <i>Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 38</i>, pp. 37-43, 1988. S. S. Cooper and F. F. Ballard, Geophysical Exploration for Cavity Detection in Karst Terrain, in <i>Geotechnical Aspects of Karst Terrains, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 14</i>, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 25-39, 1988. A. J. Witten and W. C. King, Acoustic Imaging of Subsurface Features, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, <i>Journal of Environmental Engineering, 116</i>, pp. 166-181, 1990. L. D. Handfelt and W. J. Attwooll, Exploration of Karst Conditions in Central Florida, in <i>Geotechnical Aspects of Karst Terrains, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 14</i>, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 40-52, 1988. B. Mullen and R. Thorn, <i>Groundwater Tracing and Water Quality in the Vicinity of a Landfill in County Monaghan, Ireland</i>, proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists, Guilin, China, pp. 910-915, 1988.