10.2190/U33D-JTCV-NR5K-KXB1 U33DJTCVNR5KKXB1 3 Management of Farm Woodlots and Windbreaks: Some Psychological and Landscape Patterns 233 247 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 U33DJTCVNR5KKXB1.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=U33DJTCVNR5KKXB1 3 Donna Erickson Raymond De Young University of Michigan, Ann Arbor This article reports on the relationship between measures of farmers' conservation attitudes and motivations on the one hand, and their self-reported and observed management of windbreaks and woodlots on the other. The study was conducted on historic farms where tenureship is, on average, over four generations. A survey instrument assessed farmers' attitudes about farming, the benefits of using trees on farms, the aesthetics of the rural landscape, motivation and their self-reported conservation practices. An analysis of landscape patterns on respondents' farms was conducted by analysis of aerial photography. Findings suggest that a conventional, externally motivated approach to farming results in reduced use of farm woodlots and windbreaks. In contrast, an approach based upon aesthetic and intrinsic forces is predictive of increased use and maintenance of woodlots and windbreaks. It is suggested that the promotion of conservation practices on farms may benefit from subtle, non-economic interventions as well as from financial and regulatory approaches. W. T. Bagley, Agroforestry and Windbreaks, <i>Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 22</i>:23, pp. 583-591, 1988. P. R. Schaefer, Trees and Sustainable Agriculture, <i>Alternative Agric, 4</i>, pp. 173-179, 1989. F. G. Buttel, G. Gillespie, O. Larson, and C. Harris, The Social Bases of Agrarian Environmentalism: A Comparative Analysis of New York and Michigan Farm Operators, <i>Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Journal, 46</i>, pp. 391-488, 1981. T. L. Napier, A. S. Napier, and M. A. Tucker, The Social, Economic and Institutional Factors Affecting Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices: The Asian Experience, <i>Soil and Tillage Research, 20</i>, pp. 365-382, 1991. S. Carr and J. Tait, Differences in the Attitudes of Farmers and Conservationists and Their Implications, <i>Journal of Environmental Management, 32</i>, pp. 281-294, 1991. D. A. Osterman and T. L. Hicks, Highly Erodible Land: Farmer Perceptions versus Actual Measurements, <i>Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 43</i>:2, pp. 177-181, 1988. R. T. T. Forman and M. Godron, <i>Landscape Ecology</i>, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986. P. G. Risser, Landscape Ecology of the Art, in <i>Landscale Heterogeneity and Disturbance</i>, M. G. Turner (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987. L. C. Irland, Practical Economics of Woodlot Management: A Dozen Hardnosed Rules, <i>American Forests, 93</i>, pp. 38-40, 1987. R. Hoeksema, Farming Your Woodlot, <i>American Forests, 91</i>, pp. 30-32, 1985. F. H. Buttel, Social Relations and the Growth of Modern Agriculture, in <i>Agroecology</i>, C. R. Carrol et al. (ed), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990. W. L. Flinn and F. H. Buttel, Sociological Aspects of Farm Size: Ideological and Social Consequences of Scale in Agriculture, <i>American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62</i>, pp. 946-953, 1980. J. I. Nassauer and R. Westmacott, Progressiveness among Farmers as a Factor in Heterogeneity of Farmed Landscapes, in <i>Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance</i>, M. G. Turner (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. S. W. Cook and J. L. Berrenberg, Approaches to Encouraging Conservation Behavior: A Review and Conceptual Framework, <i>Journal of Social Issues, 37</i>, pp. 73-107, 1981. E. S. Geller, Applied Behavior Analysis and Environmental Psychology: From Strange Bedfellows to a Productive Marriage, in <i>Handbook of Environmental Psychology</i>, D. Stokols and I. Altman (eds.), Wiley, New York, 1987. R. De Young, Encouraging Environmentally Appropriate Behavior: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation, <i>Journal of Environmental Systems, 15</i>, pp. 281-292, 1985-86. R. D. Katzev and T. R. Johnson, <i>Promoting Energy Conservation: An Analysis of Behavioral Research</i>, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1987. L. McClelland and R. J. Canter, Psychological Research on Energy Conservation: Context, Approaches, Methods, in <i>Advances in Environmental Psychology: Vol. 3—Energy Conservation: Psychological Perspectives</i>, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1981. R. De Young, Changing Behavior and Making it Stick: The Conceptualization and Management of Conservation Behavior, <i>Environment and Behavior, 25</i>:4, 1993. L. J. Cronbach, Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests, <i>Psychometrika, 16</i>, pp. 297-335, 1951.