10.2190/AYQN-F963-LJNK-9GRJ AYQNF963LJNK9GRJ 2 Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Elk Habitat Management 325 339 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 AYQNF963LJNK9GRJ.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=AYQNF963LJNK9GRJ 4 Thomas P. Huber University of Colorado, Colorado Springs This inter-disciplinary study of habitat use by Rocky Mountain elk (<i>Cervus elaphus nelsoni</i> Bailey 1935), and of conflicts with human land use and development zoning, uses remote sensing, image processing, and geographic information systems for data manipulation and analysis. The project included the application of home range algorithms, satellite image classification, and geographic information systems (GIS) to identify and map critical habitat zones where elk and humans interact and compete for limited space and other resources in an area of the southern Rocky Mountains of central Colorado. Results reveal an ever increasing invasion by humans into prime elk habitat areas and the need for better control of human development in the mountain environments of the American West. L. D. Bryant and C. Maser, Classification and Distribution, in <i>Elk of North America</i>, J. W. Thomas and D. E. Toweill (eds.), Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1982. R. J. Pedersen, A. W. Adams, and J. M. Skovlin, <i>Elk Habitat Use in an Unlogged and Logged Forest Environment</i>, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Research and Development Section, 1980. J. W. Thomas, D. A. Leckenby, L. J. Lyon, L. L. Hicks, and C. L. Marcum, <i>Integrated Management of Timber-Elk-Cattle: Interior Forests of Western North America</i>, U. S. Forest Service, general technical report PNW-GTR-225, 1988. J. M. Skovlin, L. D. Bryant, and P. J. Edgerton, <i>Timber Harvest Affects on Elk Distribution of the Blue Mountains of Oregon</i>, U. S. Forest Service, research paper PNW-RP-415, 1989. T. P. Huber and K. E. Casler, Initial Analysis of Landsat TM Data for Elk Habitat Mapping, <i>International Journal of Remote Sensing, 11</i>, pp. 907-912, 1990. J. W. Marr, <i>Ecosystems of the East Slope of the Front Range in Colorado</i>, University of Colorado Studies, series in biology no. 8, 1967. J. M. Skovlin, Habitat Requirements and Evaluations, in <i>Elk of North America</i>, J. W. Thomas and D. E. Toweill (eds.), Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1982. A. S. Benson and S. D. DeGloria, Interpretation of Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner Data for Forest Surveys, <i>Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 51</i>, pp. 1281-1289, 1985. C. E. Leprieur, J. M. Durand, and J. L. Peyron, Influence of Topography on Forest Reflectance using Landsat Thematic Mapper and Digital Terrain Data, <i>Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54</i>, pp. 491-496, 1988. J. R. Anderson, E. Hardy, J. Roach, and R. Witmer, <i>A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data</i>, U. S. Geological Survey Professional paper 964, 1976. D. S. Kimes and J. A. Kirchner, Modeling the Effects of Various Radiant Transfers in Mountainous Terrain on Sensor Response, <i>I. E. E. E. Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 19</i>, pp. 100-108, 1981. S. R. Yool, J. L. Star, J. E. Estes, D. B. Botkin, D. W. Eckhardt, and F. W. Davis, Performance Analysis of Image Processing Algorithms for Classification of Natural Vegetation in the Mountains of Southern California, <i>International Journal of Remote Sensing, 7</i>, pp. 683-702, 1986. T. D. Frank, Mapping Dominant Vegetation Communities in the Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range with Landsat Thematic Mapper and Digital Terrain Data, <i>Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54</i>, pp. 1727-1734, 1988. H. L. Wagner and G. H. Suits, <i>A Low Cost Classification Algorithm for Developing Countries</i>, proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on remote sensing, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1980. H. M. Zahn, <i>Seasonal Movements of the Burdette Creek Elk Herd</i>, Job Completion Report. W-120-R-4, Montana Fish and Game Department, Helena, 1974. C. L. Marcum, <i>Summer-Fall Habitat Selection and Use by a Western Montana Elk Herd</i>, Ph.D. thesis, University of Montana, Missoula, 1975. G. C. White and R. A. Garrott, <i>Analysis of Wildlife Radio-Tracking Data</i>, Academic Press, New York, 1990. J. D. Mech, <i>Handbook of Animal Radio Tracking</i>, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1983. K. R. Dixon and J. A. Chapman, Harmonic Mean Measure of Animal Activity Areas, <i>Ecology, 61</i>, pp. 1040-1044, 1980. D. J. Anderson, The Home Range: A New Nonparametric Estimation Technique, <i>Ecology, 63</i>, pp. 103-112, 1982.