10.2190/VL0H-N911-A72G-3TGB VL0HN911A72G3TGB 2 Fluorescein Fluorescence Intensity in the Presence of Gasoline-Contaminated Water 329 336 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 VL0HN911A72G3TGB.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=VL0HN911A72G3TGB 4 Malcolm S. Field George Mushrush Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Department of Chemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia Fluorescein (Acid Yellow 73) dye-dilutions ranging from 10-7 M to 10-11 M concentrations were analyzed in a solution of gasoline-saturated distilled water. Spectrofluorophotometric analyses confirmed that fluorescein was readily detectable at the 10-11 M concentration. Sorption of fluorescein to activated carbon also produced sufficient fluorescence intensity at the 10-8 M concentration for easy analytical detection. This study shows that gasoline-contaminated water does not substantially reduce the fluorescence capabilities of fluorescein. Fluorescein should still be considered a useful dye for tracing ground-water flow even in the presence of gasoline contamination.

S. A. Recker, M. J. Carey, and J. Meiman, The Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on the Sorption of Fluorescent Dyes by Activated Coconut Charcoal, Third Conference on Environmental Problems in Karst Terranes and Their Solutions, Bowling Green, Kentucky, proceedings, National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, pp. 213-229, 1992.

J. F. Quinlan and R. O. Ewers, Ground Water Flow in Limestone Terranes: Strategy Rationale and Procedure, Reliable, Efficient Monitoring of Ground Water Quality in Karst Areas, National Symposium and Exposition on Aquifer Restoration and Ground Water Monitoring, 5th, Columbus, Ohio, proceedings, National Water Well Association, pp. 197-234, 1985.

P. L. Smart, Applications of Fluorescent Dye Tracers in the Planning and Hydrological Appraisal of Sanitary Landfills, Quaternary Journal of Engineering Geology, 18, pp. 275-286, 1985.

J. F. Quinlan, Recommended Procedure for Evaluating the Effects of Spills of Hazardous Materials on Ground Water Quality in Karst Terranes, First Conference on Environmental Problems in Karst Terranes and Their Solutions, Bowling Green, Kentucky, proceedings, National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, pp. 183-196, 1986.

M. S. Field, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Strategy for Ground Water Quality Monitoring at Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Facilities Located in Karst Terranes, Twenty-first International Association of Hydrogeologists Congress, Beijing, China, v. II, pp. 1006-1011, 1988.

P. L. Smart and I. M. S. Laidlaw, An Evaluation of Some Fluorescent Dyes for Water Tracing, Water Resources Research, 13, pp. 15-33, 1977.

T. C. Atkinson and P. L. Smart, Artificial Tracers in Hydrogeology, A Survey of British Hydrology, London, England, The Royal Society, pp. 173-190, 1981.

S. N. Davis, D. J. Campbell, H. W. Bentley, and T. J. Flynn, Ground Water Tracers, National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, 1985.

E. Gaspar, Modem Trends in Tracer Hydrology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, Vol. I, pp. 7-9, 1987.

S. Reznek, W. Hayden, and M. Lee, Analytical Note—Fluorescein Tracer Technique for Detection of Ground-Water Contamination, Journal of the American Water Works Association, 71, pp. 586-587, 1979.

W. J. Tester, R. L. Bivens, and R. M. Potter, Interwell Tracer Analysis of a Hydraulically Fractured Granitic Geothermal Reservoir, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, pp. 537-554, August 1982.

M. S. Field, J. F. Quinlan, and R. G. Wilhelm, Selection, Toxicity, and Use of Fluorescent Dyes for Tracing Ground Water in Karst and Fractured Rock Aquifers: How Much is Enough? Ground Water, National Ground Water Association, 1995 [in preparation].

P. L. Smart, A Review of the Toxicity of Twelve Fluorescent Dyes Used for Water Tracing, National Speleological Society Bulletin, 46, pp. 21-33, 1984.

M. S. Field, R. G. Wilhelm, and J. F. Quinlan, Selection, Toxicity, and Use of Fluorescent Dyes for Tracing Ground Water, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995 [in preparation].

J. F. Wilson, E. D. Cobb, and F. A. Kilpatick, Fluorometric Procedures for Dye Tracing, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey, Book 3, Chapter A12, 1986 (revised).