10.2190/1M8C-P9TW-JWLX-LL0V 1M8CP9TWJWLXLL0V 1 A Dynamic Simulation Model For Materials-Product-Chains: An Application to Gutters 345 371 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 1M8CP9TWJWLXLL0V.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=1M8CP9TWJWLXLL0V 4 Patricia Kandelaars Hans Opschoor Jeroen Van Den Bergh Vrije Universiteit and Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam A descriptive dynamic model is presented to study the impacts of various policies aimed at reducing the use of materials in materials-product-chains (M-P chains). An M-P chain describes the flows of materials and products on a physical and a monetary level to allow assessments of strategies affecting both material and economic characteristics. Recycling and substitution are included in the model, which is applied to gutters and associated materials flows of zinc and polyvinyl chloride. Economic and material impacts of several scenarios are assessed. R. U. Ayres and A. V. Kneese, Production, Consumption, and Externalities, <i>American Economic Review, 59</i>, pp. 282-297, 1969. A. J. Gilbert and J. F. Feenstra, <i>An Indicator of Sustainable Development—Diffusion of Cadmium</i>, Instituut voor Milieuvraagstukken, Amsterdam, 1992. P. F. Starreveld and E. C. van Ierland, Recycling of Plastics: A Material Balance Optimisation Model, <i>Environmental and Resource Economics, 4</i>, pp. 251-264, 1994. J. C. van Weenen, <i>Waste Prevention: Theory and Practice</i>, Ph.D. thesis, Delft Technical University, 1990. J. B. Opschoor, Chain Management in Environmental Policy: Analytical and Evaluative Concepts, in <i>Economic Incentives and Environmental Policies</i>, J. B. Opschoor and R. K. Turner (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 197-227, 1994. P. P. A. A. H. Kandelaars, J. C. J. M. van den Bergh, and J. B. Opschoor, <i>Analysis of Materials-Product Chains: Theory and Application</i>, Tinbergen Institute discussion paper 95-27, 1995. J. Gorter, <i>Zinkbalans voor Nederland Deel 1: de economische stromen</i>, CBS-publication (in Dutch), 1990. Tauw Milieu, <i>Milieugerichte levenscyclusanalyse dakgootsystemen</i>, Rapportnummer 3296121, Deventer (in Dutch), 1994. J. H. Jolly, <i>Materials Flow of Zinc in the United States 1850-1990</i>, Bureau of Mines OFR# 72-92, 1992. R. Heijnis, <i>Prisma van het milieu — ca. 2000 begrippen van A to Z verklaard</i>, Het Spectrum BV, Utrecht (in Dutch), 1990. P. Fraanje, Preliminary Results for the Case-Study of Construction, 1994. A. J. X. M. Matthijssen and P. J. Meijer, Produktie van primair zinc, <i>Samenwerkings-project Procesbeschrijvingen Industrie Nederland</i>, RIVM-rapportnummer 73601113 (in Dutch), 1992. The model was developed in, and model output was generated by, the dynamic simulation package Stella II.