10.2190/M0UV-PW4D-FATU-9PXD M0UVPW4DFATU9PXD 3 Estimating Non-Point Pollutant Loadings—I: A Geographical-Information-Based Non-Point Source Simulation Model 395 408 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 M0UVPW4DFATU9PXD.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=M0UVPW4DFATU9PXD 4 A. K. Dikshit Daniel P. Loucks Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India Cornell University, Ithaca, New York This article is the first part in a two-article series. A geographical-information-based model, the Cornell Non-Point Source simulation model (CNPS), has been developed to help planners identify, analyze, and simulate the impacts of alternative land-use management policies and practices on non-point source pollutant loadings. It simulates hydrologic, erosion, and non-point source processes using spatial data from Geographic Information Systems. the model can be used 1) to simulate the erosion and runoff, sediment and the pollutant loadings at the watershed outlet, 2) to provide non-point water quality constituent loadings from a watershed to stream water quality model for comprehensive instream modeling, 3) to analyze the runoff quantity and quality for different land-use management alternatives, and 4) to study the relative changes in water quality of receiving water bodies associated with changes in land-uses. Part II of this series describes an application of the model to the Fall Creek watershed in New York, U. S. A. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., University of Florida, and Water Resources Engineers, Inc., <i>Storm Water Management Model, Water Pollution Control Research Series</i>, EPA Reports 11024-DOC-07/71 through 11024-DOC-10/71, U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C., 1971. U. S. Army, <i>Storage, Treatment, Overflow, Runoff Model "STORM"-Users Manual</i>, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, 1977. A. S. Donigian and H. H. Davis, <i>Users Manual for Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model</i>, EPA-600/3-78-080, U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C., 1978. A. S. Donigian and N. H. Crawford, <i>Modeling Nonpoint Pollution from the Land Surface</i>, EPA-600/3-76-083, U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C., 1976. W. G. Knisel, <i>CREAMS: A Field Scale Model for Chemical, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems</i>, Conservation Report 26, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1980. D. B. Beasley and L. F. Huggins, <i>ANSWERS (Aerial Nonpoint Source Watershed Environmental Response Simulation) User Manual</i>, Agricultural Engineering Department, Purdue University, Indiana, 1982. A. S. Donigian, J. C. Imhoff, and H. H. Davis, <i>Users Manual for Hydrologic Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HPSF)</i>, EPA-600/9-80-015, U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C., 1980. R. A. Young, C. A. Onstad, D. D. Bosch, and W. P. Anderson, AGNPS: A Non-Point Source Pollution Model for Evaluating Agricultural Watersheds, <i>Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 44</i>:2, pp. 168-173, 1989. A. K. Dikshit, <i>Estimating Non-Point Source Pollutant Loadings Using Geographic Information Systems</i>, Ph.D. dissertation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1994. U. S. Army, <i>Snow Hydrology</i>, North Pacific Division, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Portland, Oregon, 1956. E. A. Anderson, <i>HYDRO-17: Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model</i>, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., 1973. Soil Conservation Service, Hydrology, in <i>SCS National Engineering Handbook</i>, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1972. W. H. Wischmeier and D. D. Smith, Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses—A Guide to Conservation Planning, in <i>Agricultural Handbook 537</i>, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1978. D. A. Haith, An Event Based Procedure for Estimating Monthly Sediment Yields, <i>Transactions of ASAE, 28</i>:6, pp. 1916-1920, 1985. V. A. Vanoni (ed.), Sedimentation Engineering, in <i>ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 54</i>, ASCE, New York, 1975. D. A. Haith and L. L. Shoemaker, Generalized Watershed Loadings Functions for Non-Point Sources, <i>Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, 101</i>:EE1, pp. 121-137, 1987.