10.2190/KM56-MDGH-UQVX-TQMF KM56MDGHUQVXTQMF 193 A SCAVENGING-DEPENDENT AIR-BASIN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT (SABERA) MODEL APPLIED TO ACID RAIN IMPACT AROUND DELHI CITY, INDIA 193 202 20020923 20020923 20020923 20020923 KM56MDGHUQVXTQMF.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=KM56MDGHUQVXTQMF 4 J. S. PANDEY V. JOSEPH National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India Many of even the most recently applied ecological risk assessment models have dealt with ecological risks only on the basis of single-species toxicity tests. Moreover, they have seldom treated the integrated and the complete ecological unit for the risk assessment. In other words, they have ignored parameters which regulate many of those very important ecological interactions at land-water, air-land, and air-water interfaces. Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned facts, a realistic ecological risk assessment model incorporating the essential interfacial ecological interactions has been developed for quantifying the impact of acid rain in air-basins. To start with, the model has been applied for the air-basin surrounding Delhi City in India. Variations in the ecological risks have been analyzed with respect to changes in four important parameters--leaf area index, precipitation intensity, plant-leaf stomatal density, and mixing height--as they are significantly different for different air-basins. T. P. Meyers and D. D. Baldocchi, A Comparison of Models for Deriving Dry Deposition Fluxes of O and SO to a Forest Canopy, Tellus, 40 B, pp. 270-284, 1988. Air Quality Status, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India, pp. 203-213, 1994. E. P. Odum, Basic Ecology, CBS College Publishing, Saunders College Publishing, Holt-Saunders, Japan, 1983. J. S. Pandey, S. C. Deb, and P. Khanna, Issues Related to Greenhouse Effect, Productivity Modelling and Nutrient Cycling: A Case Study of Indian Wetlands, Environmental Management, 21:2, pp. 219-224, 1997. G. S. Samuelsen, Air Quality, in Environmental Impact Analysis Handbook, J. G. Rau and D. C. Wooten (eds.), McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp. 3-19, 1980. G. E. Liken and F. H. Bormann, Acid Rain a Serious Regional Environmental Problem, Science, 184, pp. 1176-1179, 1974. J. L. Valentin and R. Coutinho, Modelling Maximum Chlorophyll in the Cabo Frio (Brazil) Upwelling: A Preliminary Approach, Ecological Modelling, 52, pp. 103-113, 1990. R. J. C. A. Steen, P. E. G. Leonards, U. A. T. Brinkman, D. Barcelo, J. Tronczynski, T. A. Albanis, and W. P. Cofino, Ecological Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals in European Estuaries, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18, pp. 1574-1581, 1999. T. Okita, H. Hara, and N. Fukuzaki, Measurements of Atmospheric SO and SOand Determination of the Wet Scavenging Coefficient of Sulfate Aerosols for the Winter Monsoon Season over the Sea of Japan, Atmospheric Environment, 30, pp. 3733-3739, 1996. J. S. Pandey and P. Khanna, Speed-Dependent Modelling of Ecosystem Exposures from Vehicles in the Near-Road Environment, Journal of Environmental Systems, 21:3, pp. 185-192, 1992. G. A. Sehmel, Particle and Gas Dry Deposition: A Review, Atmospheric Environment, 14, pp. 983-1011, 1980. C. E. Murphy, Jr., T. R. Sinclair, and K. R. Knoerr, An Assessment of the Use of Forests as Sink for the Removal of Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide, Journal of Environmental Quality, 6, pp. 388-396, 1977. J. S. Pandey, A. Shankar, A. Dhote, and P. Khanna, Sensitivity Analysis for a Five-Compartment Marine Ecosystem Model and its Application to Peel and Harvey Estuaries, Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management, 21, pp. 40-52, 1994. A. Saterbak, R. J. Toy, D. C. L. Wong, B. J. McMain, M. P. Williams, P. B. Dorn, L. P. Brzuzy, E. Y. Chai, J. P. Salanitro, Ecotoxicological and Analytical Assessment of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils and Application to Ecological Risk Assessment, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18, pp. 1591-1607, 1999. J. S. Pandey, R. Shanker, S. Mullick, and P. Khanna, Ecological Risk Assessment of the Chilka Lake in India, in Proceedings of the First International Specialized Conference on Water Quality and its Management, C. V. J. Varma, A. R. G. Rao, and S. P. Kaushish (eds.), New Delhi, India, pp. 60-67, March 2-6, 1998.