10.2190/92V0-K6QU-53TE-DAPF 92V0K6QU53TEDAPF 1 Attaining Environmental Quality: The Role of the Technical Decision-Maker 191 205 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 92V0K6QU53TEDAPF.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=92V0K6QU53TEDAPF 3 H. G. Kaufman Department of Management, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Technological change has been identified as the major cause of environmental deterioration. This review explores the important role played by technical decision-makers in accomplishing this change. Focus is concentrated on the attitudes of engineers and scientists toward attaining environmental quality, as well as their role in making decisions which impact the environment. An analysis of the empirical literature reveals that engineers and scientists apparently fail to perceive the importance of attaining environmental quality but this may be a result of their exclusion from influence processes affecting basic decisions concerning the environmental impact of technological change. Recommendations are made regarding the actions that can be carried out within the engineering and science professions to sensitize their members to the ecological consequences of their activities, as well as to increase their influence in decision-making.

B. Commoner, M. Corr, and P. J. Stamler, "The Causes of Pollution," 13(3), 1971, 2.

Ibid., p. 16.

Ibid., p. 19.

U. S. Dept. of Labor, Bur. Labor Statistics, "The U. S. Economy in 1980," Bulletin 1673, 1970.

D. H. Meadows, et al., The Limits to Growth: A Report for The Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind, Universe Books, N. Y., 1972.

R. Dubos, Reason Awake: Science for Man, Columbia Univ. Press, N. Y., 1970, p. 120.

Ibid., p. 133.

R. Nader, "A Code for Professional Integrity," The N. Y. Times, Jan. 15, 1971, p. 43.

Ibid.

J. K. Galbraith, The New Industrial State, New American Library, N. Y., 1967, p. 69.

R. Nader, Introduction in M. Mintz and J. S. Cohen, America, Inc., Dial Press, New York, 1971, p. xiii.

D. Pelz and F. M. Andrews, Scientists in Organizations, John Wiley, N. Y., 1966,; R. R. Ritti, The Engineer in the Industrial Corporation, Columbia Univ. Press, N. Y., 1971.

Ritti, op. cit., p. 152.

S. Marcson, "Role Concept of Engineering Managers," IRE Trans. Engrg. Management, EM-7(1), 1960, 32-33.

J. M. Gould, The Technical Elite, Augustus M. Kelley, N. Y., 1966.

Ibid., p. 84.

Ibid., p. 136.

M. Patchen, "The Locus and Basis of Influence on Organizational Decisions," Working Papa Number 37, Inst. for the Study of Social Change, Purdue Univ. Dept. of Soc. Also presented at the XVII Intl. Cong. Appl. Psych., Liege, Belgium, July 25-30, 1971.

F. M. Andrews and G. F. Farris, "Supervisory Practices and Innovation in Scientific Teams," Personnel Psychology, 20(4), 1967, 497-515; J. W. Slocum Jr., "Supervisory Influence and the Professional Employee," Personnel J., 49, 1970, 484-488.

"Corporate Organization for Pollution Control," Conference Board Rept., No. 507, 1970.

G. F. White, "Formation and Role of Public Attitudes," in Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy, Essays from the Sixth RFF Forum, (H. Jarrett, ed.), Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D. C., 1968, p. 117.

J. Swan, "Environmental Attitudes and Values and Environmental Education," Resented at the First National Conf. on Environment Education, Univ. of Wisconsin, Green Bay, December 3, 1970.

Virginia Hine and L. P. Gerlach, "Many Concerned, Few Committed," Natural History, 79(10), 1970, 16-17, 76-80.

R. S. Diamond, "What Business Thinks About Its Environment," The Environment: A National Mission for the Seventies, (Fortune Magazine, ed.), Harper & Row, N. Y., 1970.

D. W. Ewing, "Who Wants Corporate Democracy?" Harvard Bus. Rev., 71, 1971, 12-28.

Diamond, op. cit.

D. C. Miller, J. L. Barfoot and P. B. Planchon, Power and Decision Making in Megalopolis, with Special Reference to Environmental Quality Problems, Resources of the Future, Inc., Washington, D. C., 1970.

Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development, "Social Responsibilities of Business Corporations," N. Y., June, 1971.

G. Hill, "Technological Changes and the Origins of Pollution," N. Y. Times, May 10, 1971, p. 23.

Hine and Gerlach, op. cit.

Ritti, op. cit., p. 50.

Ibid., p. 69.

G. Hagevick, Decision-Making in Air Pollution Control, Praeger, N. Y., 1970.

G. Smith, "DeSeversky's New Role," The N. Y. Times, January 3, 1971, section 3, p. 1.

E. Raudsepp, "The Work Ahead: Technology in Ten Years" Machine Design, 38(6), 1966, 138-141.

W. R. D. Sewell, "Environmental Perceptions and Attitudes of Engineers and Public Health Officials" Presented at the Meeting of the Amer. Psych. Assoc., Miami Beach, Fla., Sept. 5, 1970.

Hine and Gerlach, op. cit.

Swan, op. cit.; White, op. cit.

Sewell, op. cit. pp. 16-17.

R. Perrucci, J. Gerstl, Profession Without Community: Engineers in American Society, Random House, New York, 1969.

R. C. Hahn, "The Youth Rebellion and the Engineering Educator," Professional Engineer, 4(7), 1970, 41-43, 45.

L. E. Coate, "The Engineer and the Environment: Involvement at a Policy-Making Level," Professional Engineer, 40(12), 1970, 14-16.

A. Szent-Gyorgyu, "Science and Government are Inseparable," The N. Y. Times, October 23, 1971, p. 33.

President's Science Advisory Committee, Restoring the Quality of our Environment, The White House, G. P. O., Washington, D. C., 1965.

White, op. cit., p. 21.

Sewell, op. cit., p. 19.

W. K. LeBold, R. Perrucci, and W. Howland, "The Engineer in Industry and Government," J. Engineering Education, 56, 1966, 237-239.

Sewell, op. cit., p. 33.

E. R. Mottur, "Technology Assessment and Environmental Engineering," J. of Environmental Systems, 1(3), 1971, 237-247.

W. F. Flock, "The Environment and the Electrical Engineering Curriculum," IEEE Spectrum, 8(7), 1971, 62-67.

B. D. Hertz, "The Technological Imperative-Social Implications of Professional Technology," The Annals of the Amer. Acad. of Political and Social Science, 389, 1970, 95-106.

R. Eliassen, "Man and His Environment-An Undergraduate Course," J. Engineering Education, 60(3), 1969, 237-239.

"New Course Will Emphasize Technology for Social Needs," CUES News, 2(2), 1971, 5.

"Relating Continuing Education to Environmental Problems," CUES News, 2(2), 1971, 7.

"Environment Course: What 30 People Learned," Electrical World, 174(4), 1970, 91-92.

"Environmental Improvement: What Can the Citizen Do?" CUES News, 2(1), 1971, 3.

U. S. Dept. of Transportation, Office of Consumer Affairs, "Voice of Consumer Speaks at Transportation Hearings," Transportation Topics for Consumers, G. P. O., Washington, D. C., 1972, 1(1), 1.

J. D. Carroll, "Participatory Technology," Science, 171(3972), 1971, 647-653.

"Engineers Urge Power Use Curbs," The N. Y. Times, Oct. 3, 1971, p. 48.

W. G. Torpey, "Engineering Manpower for Environmental Quality Programs," J. Engineering Education, 60(3), 1969 233-239.

D. R. Lyons, "U. S. Science Aides Must Tell Biases," The N. Y. Times, Dec. 20, 1971, p. 18.

P. M. Boffey, "Nader and the Scientists: A Call for Responsibility," Science, 171(3971), 1971, 549-551.

R. V. Hughson and H. Popper, "Engineering Ethics and the Environment; The Vote is in!" Chemical Engrg., 78(4), 1971, 106-112.