10.2190/AC9L-VRKB-ADNR-4HN6 AC9LVRKBADNR4HN6 3 Distributional Impacts of Automotive Pollution Control Programs: A Model for Evaluation 185 202 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 AC9LVRKBADNR4HN6.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=AC9LVRKBADNR4HN6 3 Seymour I. Schwartz Division of Environmental Studies, University of California, Davis A model is developed for calculating the incidence of automotive pollution control costs according to the income level of the vehicle owner, for controls that are applied to the existing vehicle population. The model, which is appropriate for evaluating retrofit control programs, mandatory inspection-maintenance, and effluent charges, is applied to the evaluation of the inspection-maintenance program, drawing on data gathered in a test program several years ago. The results indicate that the program is likely to be significantly regressive—the lowest income group will experience a much larger ratio of program costs to income than the highest income group. A. Maass, "Benefit-Cost Analysis: Its Relevance to Public Investment Decisions," <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80</i>(2), pp. 208-226, May 1966. R. J. Kalter and T. J. Stevens, "Resource Investments, Impact Distribution, and Evaluation Concepts," <i>American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 53</i>(2), pp. 206-215, May 1971. B. Weisbrod, "Income Redistribution Effects and Benefit-Cost Analysis," in Samuel B. Chase, (ed.), <i>Problems in Public Expenditure Analysis.</i> The Brookings Institution, Washington, D. C., pp. 177-208, 1968. D. W. Bromley, A. A. Schmid and W. B. Lord, "Public Water Resource Project Planning and Evaluation: Impacts, Incidence, and Institutions," Working Paper #1, Center for Resource Policy Studies and Programs, Madison, Wisconsin, September 1971. Chase Econometric Associates, Inc., "The Economic Impact of Pollution Control Upon the General Economy: A Continuation of Previous Work," Report Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency, October 1972. N. S. Dorfman and A. Snow, "Who Bears the Cost of Pollution Control? The Impact of the Distribution of Income of Financing Federally Required Pollution Control," Public Interest Economics Center. Report to the Council on Environmental Quality and the Environmental Protection Agency, August 1973 (mimeo). A. V. Kneese and C. L. Schultze, <i>Pollution, Prices, and Public Policy</i>, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D. C., pp. 26-28, 1975. S. I. Schwartz, "Reducing Air Pollution by Automobile Inspection and Maintenance: A Program Analysis," <i>J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 23</i>(10), pp. 845-852, October 1973. W. T. Mikolowsky, "San Diego Clean Air Project: The Motor Vehicle Emission and Cost Model (MOVEC): Model Description and Illustrative Applications," Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Report R-1364-SD/Appendix 2, December 1973. R. Ridker, <i>Economic Costs of Air Pollution</i>, Frederick A. Praeger, New York, 1967. B. W. Lindgren, <i>Statistical Theory</i>, Macmillan Company, New York, Second Edition, pp. 113-115, 1968. A. J. Andreatch, J. C. Elston, and R. W. Lahey, "New Jersey Repair Project: Tune-Up at Idle," <i>J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 21</i>, p. 757, 1971. U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, "Household Ownership and Availability of Cars, Homes, and Selected Household Durables," Series P-65, No. 44, February 1973. G. A. Fleischer, <i>Capital Allocation Theory</i>, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1969. Olson Laboratories, Inc., "South Coast Air Basin Vehicles Emission Inspection Program Design Study," Final Report for the California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Automotive Repair, Anaheim, California: 4 volumes, <i>1</i>, pp. S-1—S-5, May 1975. Northrop Corporation, "Mandatory Vehicle Emission Inspection and Maintenance," 5 volumes, Anaheim, California, June 1971. T. Liscoe, "The Value of Commuter's Travel Time: A Study in Urban Transportation," Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, June 1967. J. Horowitz, "Transportation Controls are Really Needed in the Air Cleanup Fight," <i>Environmental Science and Technology, 8</i>(9), pp. 800-803, September 1974. A. K. Sen, <i>On Economic Inequality</i>, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1973. A. M. Freeman, III, "On the Incidence of Auto Air Pollution Control Costs," In R. Zeckhauser, (ed.), <i>Benefit-Cost and Policy Analysis 1974</i>, Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, pp. 269-282, 1974.