10.2190/LBK4-KVE4-3UCW-QB34 LBK4KVE43UCWQB34 2 A Chemical Input-Output Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration 163 183 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 LBK4KVE43UCWQB34.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LBK4KVE43UCWQB34 3 M. B. Hocking Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia This article comprises a detailed tabulated review from a chemical stand-point, of incineration and pyrolysis processes for disposal of municipal waste. Inputs are given on a descriptive basis by place and time and on a chemical basis. Products are detailed both overall, and on chemical, flyash, and residual ash bases, and a brief overview and trend description of the input-output data is included. A summary of how the output masses and concentrations relate to various air quality standards, and the degree of effectiveness of emission control devices which may be used to avoid exceeding these is also discussed.

D. Massey, W. E. Kelly, E. K. Landis, and M. D. McKinley, "Urban Refuse Incinerator Design and Operation: State of the Art," Bureau of Engineering Research Report No. 133-119, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, June 1971.

G. Hughes, J. J. Tremblay, H. Auger, and J. D'Cruz, "Pollution of Groundwater Due to Municipal Dumps," Technical Bull. No. 42, Inland Waters Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, 1971.

Idem, "Pollution of Groundwater Due to Municipal Dumps," Water and Pollution Control, 110, p. 15, January 1972.

"Sanitary Landfilling Seminar: Proceedings," Solid Waste Management Report EPS 4-EP-72-2, Environment Canada, Ottawa, November 29, 1972.

W. E. Mills, personal communication.

G. D. Zarnett and F. Besik, "Incineration, Air Pollution, and Reclaiming Solid Wastes," Water and Pollution Control, 110, p. 26, January 1972.

E. van den Broek and N. Y. Kirov, "The Planning of a Solid Waste Evaluation Survey," in Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal, N. Y. Kirov, (ed.), Ann Arbor Science Publ. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, p. 17, 1972.

C. B. Kenahan and E. P. Flint, Bureau of Mines Research Programs on Recycling and Disposal of Mineral-, Metal-, and Energy-based Solid Wastes, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8529, 1971.

P. M. Sullivan, M. H. Stanczyk, and M. J. Spendlove, Resource Recovery from Raw Urban Refuse, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 7760, 1973.

D. J. Rose, J. H. Gibbons, and W. Fulkerson, Physics Looks at Waste Management, Physics Today, 25(2), pp. 32-41, February 1972.

Handbook of Environmental Control, 2, Solid Waste, R. G. Bond and C. P. Straub, (eds.), The Chemical Rubber Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1973.

F. D. Friedrich, "Equipment for Incineration of Municipal Waste," Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Mines Branch, Ottawa, Technical Bulletin TB134, April 1971.

J. Skitt, "Disposal of Refuse and Other Waste," Halsted Press, New York, 1972.

"Recycling and Disposal of Solid Wastes Industrial, Agricultural, Domestic," T. F. Yen, (ed.), Ann Arbor Science Publ. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1974.

Anon., "Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste," D. C. Heath and Company, Toronto, 1974.

F. R. Jackson, Energy From Solid Waste, Noyes Data Corp'n, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1974.

A. E. Barton and E. J. Ostle, "Tests on Emission from Refuse Incineration Chimney Stacks," Public Cleansing (London), 57(1), p. 29, January 1967.

"Thermal Treatment of Solid Waste," B. C. Research Project 2377, Environmental Protection Service, Vancouver, March 1973.

Special Studies for Incinerators for the Government of the District of Columbia, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, U. S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, p. 10, 1968.

A. G. Sharkey, Jr., J. L. Schultz, H. R. Appell, and R. A. Friedel, "Investigating Products from Waste Materials," Research/Development, p. 16, August 1971.

E. B. Wilson and D. J. Akers, "Chemical and Physical Characterization of Metropolitan Incinerator Refuse and Flyash," in Proceedings of the Second Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium, Chicago, p. 313, March 1970.

H. Johnson and M. C. Fluharty, "The Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Mercury in Solid Waste and Effluents of Solid Waste Management Systems," Preprint, Office of Research and Monitoring, Solid Waste Research Div., Open-file Report RS-04-68-06, 1971.

"Cleaning our Environment the Chemical Basis for Action," A Report by the Subcommittee on Environmental Improvement, Committee on Chemistry and Public Affairs, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., pp. 170, 173, 1969.

F. L. Cross, Jr., "Controlled Air Incinerators," Pollution Engineering, 5(12), pp. 30-32, Dec. 1973; Pollution Abstracts, 5(4), p. 02073, 1974.

E. R. Kaiser, "Refuse Reduction Processes," in Surgeon General's Conference on Solid Waste Management, Proceedings for Metropolitan Washington, D. C., U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, U. S. Public Health Service Publication No. 1729, Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D. C., p. 98, 1967.

M. B. Jacobs, et al., "Sampling and Analysis of Incinerator Flue Gases," Proc. Air Pollution Control Association, May 25-29, 1968.

P. Davids, K. Gerhards, and W. Brocke, "Results of Emission Measurements on Waste Incinerator Plants, and Technical Possibilities of Emission Control," Proc. of 3rd International Clean Air Congress, Duesseldorf, W. Germany, p. E94-E97, 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(4), p. 1, 1974.

H. Mizutani, A. Kamiya, M. Kitase, T. Aoyama, and E. Ito, "Odor Pollution Research in Nagoya City," J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution, 8(3), p. 381, October 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(6), p. 26, June 1974.

The Smog Problem in Los Angeles County, Stanford Research Institute, Western Oil and Gas Association, 1954.

J.-P. Eisenberger, "Melting of Waste," Muell Abfall, 5(6), p. 199, 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(3), p. 25, 1974.

R. P. Hangebrauck, D. J. von Lehmden, and J. E. Meeker, "Emissions of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and Other Pollutants from Heat Generation and Incineration Processes," J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 14(7), p. 267, 1964.

F. Böhmländer, "Waste Gases from Refuse Incineration," Staub-Reinhaltung der Luft, 31(5), p. 32, May 1971.

E. R. Kaiser, "Refuse Composition and Flue Gas Analyses from Municipal Incinerators," in Proceedings of the National Incin. Conference, Amer. Soc. of Mech. Engineers, New York, p. 35, May 18-20, 1964.

T. Ishiguro, Y. Iwasaki, H. Fukushima, H. Onozuka, and T. Odairo, "Method for Measuring Pollutants in Exhaust Gas from Incineration of City Waste," J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution, 8(3), p. 595, October 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(6), p. 21, 1974.

O. H. Willerup, "Degasification of Solid Waste," 25th Muelltechnische Kolloquium, Stuttgart University, Sept. 21, 1973, Muell Abfall, 5(6), p. 198, 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(3), p. 15, 1974.

A. A. Carotti and E. R. Kaiser, "Concentrations of 20 Gaseous Chemical Species in the Flue Gas of a Municipal Incinerator," J. Air Poll'n Control Assoc., 22, p. 249, 1972.

Anon., "A Plastics Waste Incinerator," Public Cleansing (London), 62(11), pp. 562-563, Nov. 1972; Pollution Abstracts, 4(6), p. 40, 1973.

W. R. Neissen and A. F. Sarofim, "Incinerator Emission Control," Indust. Water Engin., 7(8), p. 26, August 1970.

Municipal Incinerators Seminar: Proceedings, Solid Waste Management Report EPS 4-EP-72-1, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Sept. 1972.

E. Lahmann and M. Möller, "Chloride Emissions in the Environment from Incinerators," SchrReihe Ver. Wass. Boden. Lufthyg., 33, p. 29, 1970; Pollution Abstracts, 3(1), p. 135, 72-ITF-258, 1972.

M. Kaneko, et al., J. Japan. Soc. Air Pollution, 8(3), p. 327, Oct. 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(3), p. 73, 1974.

P. D. Miller, and H. H. Krause, "Corrosion of Carbon and Stainless Steels in Flue Gases from Municipal Incinerators," in Proceedings of 1972 National Incinerator Conference, New York, p. 300, 1972; Pollution Abstracts, 4, p. 108, 1973.

W. P. Vaughn and S. R. Fuller, "Mercury Vapour Emissions: Report on Aerial Survey of Sources Potentially Affecting the Air in Illinois. Final Report," Committee for Environmental Information, St. Louis, Mo., Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality Report IIEQ 71-3, June 1971.

M. B. Jacobs, "Health Aspects of Air Pollution from Incinerators," in Proceedings of 1964 National Incinerator Conference, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1964.

R. L. Stenburg, R. P. Hangebrauck, D. J. von Lehmden, and A. H. Rose, Jr., "Field Evaluation of Combustion Air Effects on Atmospheric Emissions from Municipal Incinerators," J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 12(2), p. 83, 1962.

Air Pollution Handbook, P. L. Magill, F. R. Holden, and C. Ackley, (eds.), McGraw-Hill Book Company, Toronto, pp. 13-40-13-70, 1956.

A. E. Vandergrift, L. J. Shannon, and P. G. Gorman, "Controlling Fine Particles," Chem. Engineering, 80(14), pp. 107-114, June 18, 1973.

S. J. Pascual and A. Pieratti, "Flyash Control Equipment for Municipal Incinerators," in Proceedings of the National Incin. Conference, Amer. Soc. of Mech. Engineers, New York, p. 118, May 18-20, 1964.

S. J. Williamson, "Fundamentals of Air Pollution," Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Don Mills, Ont., pp. 15, 390, 1973.

J. J. Sableski, Jr., and W. A. Cote, "Air Pollutant Emissions from Apartment House Incinerators," J. Air Poll'n Control Assoc., 22, pp. 239-248, 1972.

Day and Zimmerman, "Special Studies for Incinerators for the Government of the District of Columbia Department of Sanitary Engineering," Report SW-ld, U. S. Public Health Service, Cincinnati, 1968.

J. W. Leonard, C. F. Cockrell, W. F. Lawrence, and H. W. Armstrong, "Extraction of Metal and Mineral Values from Municipal Incinerator Flyash," Technical Report, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, 1971.

Municipal Refuse Disposal, Institute for Solid Wastes, Am. Publ. Works Assn., cited by Ref. 11, p. 470, 1970.

W. Jens and F. R. Rehm, "Municipal Incineration and Air Pollution Control," Proc. Natl. Incin. Conf., Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., p. 74, 1966.

Joint Air Pollution Study of St. Clair-Detroit River Areas for International Joint Commission, Canada and the United States, St. Clair-Detroit Air Pollution Board, International Joint Commission, Ottawa and Washington, pp. 3-10, January 1971.

R. M. Cooper, N. E. Cooke, J. Pilon and E. H. Riley, "A Digest of Environmental Pollution Legislation in Canada, 1973," CIL Ltd., Montreal, p. F-10, 1973.

"Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," F. A. Patty, (ed.), Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 2nd Edition, 2, p. 849, 1958.

L. Lambiris, "What You Should Know About Scrubbers," Water and Sewage Works, including Industrial Wastes, Ref. No. R53-R54, R59, April 30, 1973.

P. M. Sullivan and M. N. Stanczyk, "Economics of Recycling Metals and Minerals from Urban Refuse," Technical Progress Report 33, Bureau of Mines Solid Waste Research Program, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, April 1971.

F. J. Palumbo, M. H. Stanczyk and P. M. Sullivan, "Electronic Sorting of Glass from Urban Waste," Technical Progress Report 45, Bureau of Mines Solid Waste Research Program, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, October 1971.

H. L. Hickman, Jr., "Utilizing Current Solid Waste Management Technology," Waste Age, 4(6), pp. 48-49, Nov./Dec. 1973; Pollution Abstracts, 5(5), p. 04605, 1974.

R. J. Schoenberger and P. W. Purdom, "A Study of Incinerator Residue Analysis of Water Soluble Components," U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Final Report EPA 670/2-73-057, August 1973, Ref. No. PB 222 458/2; Pollution Abstracts, 5(5), p. 04589, 1974.

C. B. Kenahan and P. M. Sullivan, "Lets Not Overlook Salvage," Amer. Public Works Association Report, 34(3), p. 5, 1967.

Report. "Municipal Waste Disposal by Shipborne Incineration and Sea Disposal of Residues," M. W. First, (ed.), Harvard University, School of Public Health, Boston, June 1972; Pollution Abstracts, 4, 73-6TF-00754, 1973.

L. C. Gibney, "Liabilities into Assets," Envir. Science and Technology, 8(3), p. 210, March 1974.

R. S. Burton, III, and R. C. Bailie, "Fluid Bed Pyrolysis of Solid Waste Material," Combustion, 45(8), pp. 13-19, Feb. 1974; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(6), p. 37, 1974.

O. H. Willerup, "Degasification of Solid Waste," Muell Abfall, 5(6), p. 198, 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(3), 1974.

D. L. Klumb, "Union Electric's Solid Waste Utilization System," Air Pollution Control Association Conference, Denver, Colorado, May 1974.

S. E. Hrudey, R. Perry, and R. A. Wellings, "The Composition of Residues from Municipal Refuse Incinerators," Envir. Research, 7, p. 294, 1974.

D. B. Herbert, "The Nature of Incineration Slags," Proc. National Incineration Conference, Amer. Soc. Mech. Engin., p. 191, 1966, Cited by Ref. 11, p. 474.

A. M. Chamberland and A. Theoret, "Pyrolysis of Solid Wastes: A Pollution-Free Recycling Technique," Proc. 3rd Clean Air Congress, Duesseldorf, W. Germany, pp. E98-E100, 1973; Air Pollution Abstracts, 5(3), p. 24, March 1974.

J. A. Fife, "Solid Waste Disposal: Incineration or Pyrolysis," Envir. Science and Technology, 7(4), pp. 308-312, 1973.

V. L. Hammond, L. K. Mudge, C. H. Allen, and G. F. Schiefelbein, "Energy from Solid Waste by Pyrolysis-Incineration," presented at Annual Meeting, Air Pollution Control Association, Eugene, Oregon, Nov. 15-17, 1972.

V. L. Hammond, C. H. Allen, P. J. Dionne, L. K. Mudge and G. F. Schiefelbein, "Pyrolysis-Incineration Process for Solid Waste Disposal," Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352, p. 54, December 1972.

J. L. Cox, W. G. Willson, and E. J. Hoffman, "Conversion of Organic Waste into Fuel Gas," J. Amer. Soc. of Civil Engineers, Environmental Engineering Division 100 EE3 717-732, June 1974.

J. W. Stephenson, "Some Recent Developments in the Disposal of Solid Wastes by High Temperature Combustion, Pyrolysis, and Fluid Bed Reactor," Paper presented at New York State Action for Clean Air Committee, Schenectady, New York, May 7, 1971, Pollution Abstracts, 4(1), p. 106, 1973.

"Solid Waste Disposal Resource Recovery," Environmental Systems Department Booklet, Union Carbide Corporation, New York, N. Y. 10017.

H. R. Appell, I. Wender and R. D. Miller, "Conversion of Urban Refuse to Oil," Bureau of Mines Solid Waste Program, TPR-25, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, May 1970.

R. C. Corey, "Pyrolysis, Hydrogenation, and Incineration of Municipal Refuse—A Progress Report," in Proceedings of the Second Mineral Waste Symposium, Illinois, p. 300, March 1970.

W. S. Sanner, C. Ortuglio, J. G. Walters, and D. E. Wolfson, "Conversion of Municipal Refuse into Useful Materials by Pyrolysis," Bureau of Mines RI-7428, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, 1970.

H. F. Feldman, "Pipeline Gas from Solid Wastes," Chem. Engin. Prog., 67(12), p. 51, Dec. 1971.

H. Sueyoshi and Y. Kitaoka, "Make Fuel from Plastic Wastes," Hydrocarbon Processing, 51(10), pp. 161-163, October 1972.

T. B. Reed and R. M. Lerner, "Methanol: A Versatile Fuel for Immediate Use," Science, 182(4119), pp. 1299-1304, December 28, 1973.