10.2190/MXY8-5NX4-5MY5-CBAR MXY85NX45MY5CBAR 4 Quantitative Assessment of Natural Values in Benefit-Cost Analysis 131 147 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 MXY85NX45MY5CBAR.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MXY85NX45MY5CBAR 2 Robert Walker Suzanne Bayley Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida Two methods of quantifying the contribution of natural ecosystems to man's economy in benefit-cost analysis are presented. The economic approach uses dollar costs to approximate the more tangible natural system contributions. The energetic approach uses energy flows of the natural ecosystems to quantify the contributions. Sample calculations of each approach are made of the impact of a highway on a floodplain. H. T. Odum, <i>Environmental Power and Society</i>, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1971. E. P. Odum, <i>The Pricing System</i>, Georgia Conservancy Magazine, 4th Quarter, pp. 8-10, 1973. H. T. Odum, Energetics of Food Production, <i>The World Food Problem, Report of President's Science Advisory Committee, Panel on World Food Supply, 3</i>, Chapter 3, pp. 55-94, White House, 1967. H. T. Odum and E. C. Odum, <i>Energy Basis for Man and Nature</i>, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1976. L. B. Leopold, F. E. Clarke, B. V. Hanshaw and J. R. Balsley, A Procedure for Evaluating Environmental Impact, U. S. Geological Survey Circular 645, 1971. P. Dasgupta, S. Amartya and S. A. Marglin, Guidelines for Project Evaluation, New York United Nations, 1972. L. D. James and R. R. Lee, <i>Economics of Water Resources Planning</i>, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1971. M. Clawson, Methods of Measuring the Demand for and Value of Outdoor Recreation, Resources for the Future, Reprint No. 10, 1959. C. H. Wharton, H. T. Odum, <i>et al.</i>, Forested Wetlands of Florida—Their Management and Use, Florida Division of State Planning and Center for Wetlands, University of Florida, 1976. C. H. Wharton, The Southern River Swamp—A Multiple Use Environment, Bureau of Business and Economic Research School of Business Administration, Georgia State University, 1970. F. L. Boyt, S. E. Bayley and J. Zoltek, Removal of Nutrients from Treated Municipal Wastewater by Wetland Vegetation, <i>Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation</i>, May, 1977. S. E. Bayley, <i>et al.</i>, A Comparison of Energetics and Economic Benefit-Cost Analysis for the Upper St. Johns River, Final Report to the U. S. Corps of Engineers, Center for Wetlands, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 1976. A. C. Fisher and J. V. Krutilla, Resource Conservation, Environmental Preservation, and the Rate of Discount, <i>The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 89:3</i>, pp. 358-370, 1975. S. E. Bayley and H. T. Odum, Energy Evaluation of Water Management Alternatives in the Upper St. Johns River Basin of Florida, Report of EPA Water Program, Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 1973. W. M. Kemp, W. H. B. Smith, H. N. McKellar, M. E. Lehman, M. Homer, D. L. Young and H. T. Odum, Energy Cost-Benefit Analysis Applied to Power Plants Near Crystal River, Florida, <i>Models as Ecological Tools: Theory and Case Histories</i>, C. A. S. Hall and J. Day, (eds.), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1977. W. M. Kemp, Ecological and Energetic Evaluation of a Coastal Power Plant, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 1977. H. T. Odum, W. M. Kemp, W. H. B. Smith, H. N. McKellar, D. L. Young, M. E. Lehman, M. L. Homer, M. E. Gunderson, F. Ramsey and A. D. Merriam, Power Plants and Estuaries at Crystal River, Florida, Department Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 540 PP. C. Kylstra, Energy Analysis as a Common Basis for Optimally Combining Man's Activities and Nature, University of Florida, Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences, 1974. R. A. Herendeen and C. W. Bullard, Energy Costs of Goods and Services; 1963 and 1967, Center for Advanced Computation, University of Illinois, Urbana, CAC No. 140, 1974.