10.2190/NEAJ-W45E-6LFV-A88V NEAJW45E6LFVA88V 2 Sociological Aspects of Waste Paper Recovery 111 126 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 NEAJW45E6LFVA88V.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=NEAJW45E6LFVA88V 2 Craig R. Humphrey Glenn R. Harris Stuart H. Mann Department of Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University Environmental Studies Program, St. Lawrence University Division of Man-Environment Relations, The Pennsylvania State University Environmental managers in the business of designing solid waste management systems have a great need for sociological information about those who discard waste. This paper summarizes the literature on attitudinal and behavioral aspects of waste paper recovery, specifically looking for conditions under which attitudes and behavior were congruent. Attitude-behavior congruence is a pertinent sociological concern for the environmental manager, because conservation-oriented attitudes do not necessarily lead to conservation-oriented behavior. Only one study was uncovered about waste paper recovery where the relationship between attitudes and behavior was directly observed; it suggested that anti-litter attitudes and behavior were consistent. Other research has suggested hypothetical conditions which may contribute to a high congruence between attitudes and behavior. These conditions include personal cost, knowledge, and adequate storage space for separated categories of waste paper. Studies on behavioral prompting and reinforcement of waste paper recovery have indicated that without individual or group incentives, conservation-oriented behavior is relatively unlikely to be prevalent in American society, regardless of attitudes toward this kind of activity. D. A. Dillman and J. A. 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Humphrey, The Feasibility of Paper Recycling at the Pennsylvania State University: A Cost/Effectiveness Analysis, Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1974. W. C. Finnie, Field Experiments in Litter Control, <i>Environment and Behavior, 5</i>, pp. 23-144, 1973. D. H. Reid, P. D. Luyben, R. J. Rawers, and J. S. Bailey, Newspaper Recycling Behavior: The Effects of Prompting and Proximity of Containers, <i>Environment and Behavior, 8</i>, pp. 471-482, September 1976. R. L. Burgess, R. N. Clark, and J. C. Hendee, An Experimental Analysis of Anti-Litter Procedures, <i>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 4</i>, pp. 71-75, Summer 1971. E. S. Geller, J. F. Witmer, and A. L. Oregaugh, Instructions as a Determinant of Paper Disposal Behaviors, <i>Environment and Behavior, 8</i>, pp. 417-429, September 1976. L. Marler, A Study of Anti-Litter Messages, <i>Journal of Environmental Education, 3</i>, pp. 52-53, 1971. C. Chapman and T. R. 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