10.2190/78VJ-NW04-EL6U-NTWT 78VJNW04EL6UNTWT 2 Urban Structure, Trip Generation, and Pollution: A Review 17 28 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 78VJNW04EL6UNTWT.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=78VJNW04EL6UNTWT 1 Bart D. Ostro Joel L. Naroff Economics Department, Tufts University Department of General Business and Finance, School of Business Administration, University of Massachusetts at Amherst The primary purpose of this paper is to selectively review the literature with the intent of examining the relationship between the structure and form of the metropolitan area, its impact on the generation of trips, and the resulting distribution of air pollution within the central city. We suggest that an empirical analysis should be developed to explain how certain urban characteristics contribute to trip generation and thus to the environmental deterioration of the inner city. These characteristics include, but are not limited to, modal choice, the size of the CBD relative to the metropolitan area, work trip origins and destinations, and the structure of the highway network. R. Anderson and T. Crocker, Air Pollution and Residential Property Values, <i>Urban Studies</i>, No. 8, 1971. R. Ridker and J. Henning, The Determinants of Residential Property Value with Special Reference to Air Pollution, <i>Review of Economics and Statistics, 49</i>, 1967. T. E. Waddell, <i>The Economic Damages of Air Pollution</i>, U. S. Environmental Agency, 1974. D. Harrison, <i>Who Pays for Clear Air</i>, Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, 1975. National Academy of Sciences, <i>A Report by the Co-Ordinating Committee on Air Quality Studies</i>, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. R. McGillivray, Binary Choice of Urban Transport Mode in the San Francisco Bay Area, <i>Econometrica, 40</i>:5, 1972. J. L. Naroff, <i>Choice of Mode in an Urban Environment</i>, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Brown University, 1975. G. Goldstein and L. Moses, Transport Controls, Travel Cost, and Urban Spatial Structure, <i>Public Policy, 23</i>:3, 1975. Council on Municipal Performance, <i>Municipal Performance Report, 1</i>:6, <i>City Transportation</i>, 1975. R. Zerbe and R. Croke, <i>Urban Transportation for the Environment</i>, Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1975. B. Willis and J. R. Mahoney, <i>Planning for Air Quality</i>, Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts. R. Solow and W. Vickrey, Land Use in a Long Narrow City, <i>Journal of Economic Theory, 3</i>:4, 1971. W. Alonso, <i>Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent</i>, Harvard University Press, 1964. J. Heilbrun, <i>Urban Economics and Public Policy</i>, St. Martin's Press, 1974. R. Muth, <i>Cities and Housing</i>, The University of Chicago Press, 1969. J. Haring, T. Slobko, and J. Chapman, The Impact of Alternative Transport Systems on Urban Structure, <i>Journal of Urban Economics, 3</i>:1, 1976. R. Alcaly, Transportation and Urban Land Values: A Review of the Theoretical Literature, <i>Land Economics, 52</i>:1, 1976. H. Mohring, Land Value and the Valuation of Highway Benefits, <i>Journal of Political Economy, 69</i>, 1969. O. John Langley, Jr., Adverse Impacts of the Washington Beltway on Residential Property Values, <i>Land Economics, 52</i>:1, 1976. J. Meyer and M. Straszheim, <i>Route Assignment-Network Theory, Techniques of Transport Planning, 1</i>, Pricing and Project Evaluation, Brookings Institution, 1971. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, <i>Supplement Number 2 for Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors</i>, Report AP-42, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1973. A. M. Polinsky and S. Shavell, Amenities and Property Values in a Model of an Urban Area, <i>Journal of Public Economics, 5</i>, 1976. J. H. Cavender, D. S. Kircher, and A. J. Hoffman, <i>Nationwide Air Pollutant Emission Trends 1940-1970</i>, Publication No. AP-115, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 1973. A. M. Freeman III, The Distribution of Environmental Quality, In: Kneese and Bower (eds.), <i>Environmental Quality Analysis</i>, Johns Hopkins Press, 1972. O. Fisch, Externalities and Urban Rent and Population Density Functions: The Case of Air Pollution, <i>Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2</i>:1, 1975. A. J. Robson, Two Models of Urban Air Pollution, <i>Journal of Urban Economics, 3</i>:3, 1976. A. J. Robson, The Effect of Urban Structure on the Concentration of Pollution, <i>Urban Studies, 14</i>:1, 1977.