10.2190/9UFL-K77R-2N8N-0LWP 9UFLK77R2N8N0LWP 133 MODELING U.S. AND CANADIAN EQUALITY PROGRAMS 133 149 20031021 20031021 20031021 20031021 9UFLK77R2N8N0LWP.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=9UFLK77R2N8N0LWP 2 ALEX Z. KONDRA RICHARD SPARKMAN Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada Equality legislation and voluntary equality programs have been major issues for U.S. and Canadian employers, governments at all levels, and for human resource researchers since the 1960s. Many scholars have noted that work in this area has been complicated by confusion over the nature of the programs themselves. The extensive literature includes little discussion of a comprehensive framework for comparing and contrasting the myriad of definitions, programs, and policy choices. 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