10.2190/5X1Y-N6VA-A0P2-U5B0 5X1YN6VAA0P2U5B0 3 Agency Shop and Fair Share Agreements: An Historical Perspective 33 54 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 5X1YN6VAA0P2U5B0.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=5X1YN6VAA0P2U5B0 1 Beverly L. Nelson-Glode M.B.A., J.D. City of Renton To block employers' attempts to defeat fledgling unions, and to keep established unions from raiding their ranks, early labor organizations often insisted on including language in the collective bargaining agreement to protect the union's status. These agreements have evolved from requiring union membership as a condition of employment to requiring nonunion employees to pay a fair share of the costs of collective bargaining. This article explores the evolution of agency shop and fair share agreements from a perspective of employee protests against the use of mandatory union fees. D. Q. Mills, <i>Labor Management Relations</i>, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1978. 44 Stat. 577 (1926). 49 Stat. 449 (1935). 49 Stat. 449, as amended; 29 U.S.C. ss151-69 (1982). Stat. 1238, as amended; 45 U.S.C. ss151-88 (1982). <i>Developments in the Law—Public Employment</i>, Harvard Law Review <i>97</i>, 1611, 1984. 351 U.S. 225 (1956). Hartley, <i>Constitutional Values and the Adjudication of Taft-Hartley Act Dues Objector Cases</i>, Hastings Labor Journal, 41, 2, 1989-1990. 367 U.S. 740 (1960). 373 U.S. 113(1963). 466 U.S. 435 (1984). Note, <i>Public Sector Labor Relations: Union Security Agreements in the Public Sector Since Abood</i>, 33 S.C.L. Rev. 1 (1981). A. Anderson, The U.S. Experience in Collective Bargaining in Public Employment, in <i>Collective Bargaining in the Public Service: Theory and Practice</i>, Kenneth O. Warner (ed.), Public Personnel Assoc., Chicago, Illinois, 1969. 431 U.S. 209 (1977). H. T. Edwards, <i>The Coming of Age of the Burger Court: Labor Law Decisions of the Supreme Court During the 1976 Term</i>, 19 B.C.L. Rev. 1 (1977). 475 U.S. 292 (1986). Matsis, Procedural Rights of Fair Share Objectors after Hudson and Beck, <i>Labor Law, 6</i>, p. 251, 1990. 487 U.S., 108 S.Ct. 2641 (1988). 468 F.Supp. 93 (1979). 776 F.2d 1187 (4th Cir., 1985). 795 F.2d 1128 (2d Cir., 1986), 122 LRRM (BNA) 3130. <i>Price v. United Automobile Workers</i>, No. 86-1055, June 30, 1988, 128 LRRM (BNA) 2792. <i>Price v. Automobile Workers</i>, F.Supp. (D.Conn., 1989), 132 LRRM (BNA) 2405. Memorandum GC 88-14, Guidelines Concerning <i>CWA v. Beck</i>, NLRB Office of the General Counsel, Nov. 15, 1988, Daily Lab. Rep. (BNA) No. 225 (Nov. 22, 1988). 881 F.2d 1388 (6th Cir., 1989). U.S. 111 S.Ct. 1950, 1959 (1991). <i>EEOC v. University of Detroit</i>, F.2d (6th Cir., 1990), 52 Fair Emp. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1657. <i>Andrews v. Education Association of Cheshire</i>, F.2d (2d Cir., 1987), 127 LRRM (BNA) 2929. Employee-Mgmt. Rel. (BNA) Vol. 8, at 144 (Jan. 29, 1990). <i>North Bay Dev. Svcs. v. NLRB</i>, F.2d (DC Cir., 1990), 134 LRRM (BNA) 2433. <i>See</i> 137 LRR (BNA) 353, 367-370.