10.2190/MQN6-6GQL-PMR6-PRMH MQN66GQLPMR6PRMH 3 A Kinder, Gentler Workplace for Lesbians and Gay Men 115 134 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 MQN66GQLPMR6PRMH.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=MQN66GQLPMR6PRMH 2 Edwin M. Wagner Ph.D. St. Francis College, Loretto, Pennsylvania The 1991 decision by a federal district court in Kansas declaring that the homosexual classification is suspect is supported in this article [1]. The court's decision requires strict scrutiny of the homosexual classification with respect to employment. The treatment of the homosexual classification in other lower courts, and in the Supreme Court, which has declined to address the equal protection rights of homosexuals, is also discussed. Employment protection for lesbians and gay men, which exists in several states, is noted, and the possible impact of the evidence regarding a biological connection to sexual orientation on the individual employment rights is addressed. The article suggests that protection for sexual orientation could be effected with little disruption in the workplace through an amendment of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, extending the law against sexual harassment, and by applying the narrowly-defined bona fide occupational qualification.

Jantz v. Muci, 760 F. Supp. 1543 (D.Kan. 1991).

Issues in HR, Society for Human Resource Management, Alexandria, Virginia, p. 8-9, 1991.

The Committee on Lesbian and Gay Concerns, Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language, American Psychologist, 46, p. 973, 1991.

S. LeVay, A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual and Homosexual Men, Science, 253, pp. 1034-1037, 1991.

Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. § 12211 (a) (1990).

"Gays vs. the Military," Time, August 19, 1991.

D. N. Bersoff and D. W. Ogden, American Psychological Association, Amicus Curiae Briefs: Furthering Lesbian and Gay Male Rights, American Psychologist, 46, pp. 950-956, 1991.

S. F. Morin and E. D. Rothblum, Removing the Stigma: Fifteen Years of Progress, American Psychologist, 46, pp. 947-949, 1991.

Truax v. Raich, 239 U.S. 33, 41, 42, 1915.

Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986).

City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 432, 440-441, 1985.

Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202, 216 n.14, 219-223, 1982.

Massachusetts Bd. of Retirement v. Murgia, 427 U.S. 307, 313, 1976.

San Antonio Indep. School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 28, 1973.

Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677, 687-688, 1973.

Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1, 1967.

Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365, 372, 1971.

Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, 216, 1944.

Mississippi University Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718, 723-724, 1982.

Lalli v. Lalli, 439 U.S. 259, 265, 1978.

Rowland v. Mad River Local School Dist., 730 F.2d 44 (6th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1009 (1985).

McConnell v. Anderson, 451 F.2d 193 (8th Cir. 1971).

Society for Individual Rights Inc. v. Hampton, 6 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) ¶ 8934, at 5994 (D. Cal. 1973).

See McKeand v. Laird, 490 F.2d 1262 (9th Cir. 1973).

Baker v. Hampton, 5 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) ¶ 8604 (D.C. Cir. 1973).

Acanfora v. Board of Education, 491 F.2d 498 (4th Cir. 1974), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 836 (1974).

Holloway v. Arthur Anderson & Co., 566 F.2d 659 (9th Cir. 1977).

Griggs v. Duke Power Company, 401 U.S. 424 (1971).

Blum v. Gulf Oil Corp, 597 F.2d 936 (5th Cir. 1979).

DeSantis v. Pacific Telephone and Telegraph, Inc., 608 F.2d 327 (9th Cir. 1979); Strailey v. Happy Times Nursery School, Inc, i.d.; Lundin v. Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co., Inc., id.

Gay Law Students Ass'n. v. Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., 24 Cal. 3d 458 (1979).

Under 21 v. City of New York, 37 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) ¶ 35,377 CCH 37 EPD par. 35, 377 (1984) and par. (N.Y. 1984), ¶ 35,378 (N.Y. 1985).

John Doe v. William Casey, 601 F. Supp. 581 (D.C. 1985).

John Doe v. Weinberger, 820 F.2d 1275 (D.C. Cir. 1987).

Docket No. 86-1294, 1988.

Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699 (9th Cir. 1989).

Matlovich v. Secretary of the Air Force, CCH 24 EPD par. 31,254, 1980.

Padula v. Webster, 822 F.2d 97 (D.C. Cir. 1987).

Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068 (Fed. Cir. 1989).

High Tech Gays v. Defense Indus. Sec. Clearance Office, 895 F.2d 563 (9th Cir. 1990).

Bowers v. Hardwick, 760 F.2d 1202 (11th Cir. 1985).

High Tech Gays v. Defense Indus. Sec. Clearance Office, 909 F.2d 375 (9th cir. 1990).

Labor Law Reports: Employment Practices, Vol. 3, Commerce Clearing House, Chicago, 1991.

M. Barinaga, Is Homosexuality Biological?, Science, 253, p. 956, 1991.

D. F. Swaab and M. A. Hofman, An Enlarged Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Homosexual Men, Brain Research, 537, pp. 141-148, 1990.

T. A. Schoenfeld, Biology and Homosexuality, Letters, Science, 254, p. 630, 1991.

J. M. Carrier and G. Gellert, Biology and Homosexuality, Letters, Science, 254, p. 630, 1991.

Wright v. Methodist Youth Services, Inc., 511 F. Supp. 307 (N.D. Ill. 1981).

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986).

City of Philadelphia v. Pennsylvania Human Relations Comm., Pa. Commw., 300 A. 2d 97 (1973).

Dothard v. Rawlinson, 433 U.S. 321 (1977).

Gunther v. Iowa State Men's Reformatory, 612 F.2d 1079 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 966 (1980).

Gunther v. Iowa State Men's Reformatory, 446 U.S. 966 (1980).

Fesel v. Masonic Home, 447 F. Supp. 1346 (D. Del. 1978), aff'd, 591 F.2d 1334 (3rd Cir. 1979).

Fesel v. Masonic Home, 591 F.2d 1334 (3rd Cir. 1979).

Diaz v. Pan American World Airways, 442 F.2d 385 (5th Cir.), cert denied, 404 U.S. 950 (1971).