10.2190/333W-D506-DAKY-CGHT 333WD506DAKYCGHT 2 AIDS: A Unique Dilemma—The Hospital as Employer and Care Provider 219 243 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 333WD506DAKYCGHT.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=333WD506DAKYCGHT 3 Sandra N. Hurd Elizabeth C. Wesman Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York This article presents a brief history of the development of AIDS and reviews the safety issues unique to a healthcare setting. The legal issues facing hospitals as employers and healthcare providers are reviewed and analyzed. Included are sections on the various federal and state laws and regulations that affect hospital employees and patients. The authors also offer recommendations for ways in which hospitals can deal with all of the AIDS-related concerns in an efficient, effective and equitable manner.

Occupational Safety and Health Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 651-678 (1976).

S. Murphy, Protecting Employees With AIDS: Using Title VII to Meet an Urgent Need, The Review of Litigation, 3, pp. 357, 364 (1988).

State of New York Department of Health, HTLV-III/LAV Testing in Health Care Facilities, 1981.

R. L. Heller, Jr., Where Did AIDS Come From?, AIDS Inservice, 1, pp. 1-2, 1987.

United States Department of Health and Human Services, AIDS: A Public Health Challenge, State Issues, Policies and Programs, (1987) [hereinafter referred to as HHS].

United States Department of Health and Human Services, Joint Advisory Notice, Protection Against Occupational Exposure to Hepatitis B. Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), pp. 2-4, 1987 [hereinfafter cited as Joint Advisory Notice].

Surgeon General's Report on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, p. 21, 1986.

M. A. Fischi, Evaluation of Heterosexual Partners, Children, and Household Contacts of Adults with AIDS, Journal of the American Medical Association, 257, p. 640, 1987.

Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome—United States, 1989, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 39, pp. 81, 83, February 9, 1990.

Estimates of HIV Prevalence and Projected AIDS Cases: Summary of a Workshop, October 31-November 1, 1989, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 39, p. 110, February 23, 1990.

D. Schobel, Management's Responsibility to Deal Effectively With the Risk of HIV Exposure for Healthcare Workers, Nursing Management, 19, p. 39, March 1988, (citing AIDS Reference Guide for Medical Professionals, C. Dale and A. Avers (eds.), 1986.

S. N. Hurd, AIDS and the Risk to Health-Care Workers: Old and New Guidelines, Employment Testing, 1, pp. 99, 100, 1987.

Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 36, pp. S1-S18, August, 21, 1987.

R. Orthmann, AIDS in the Workplace: Summary of Recent Developments, Employment Testing, 2, p. 268, 1988.

S. N. Hurd, States Pass Work-related AIDS Statutes, Employment Testing, 3, p. 471, 1989.

N.Y. Public Health Law, § 2805(b) (1989).

Hospital Survey and Construction Act, 60 Stat. 1040 (1946).

K. Benesch and T. Homisak, The Duty to Treat AIDS Patients, Trial, pp. 23-24, May, 1988.

J. O'Brien, Patient's Rights, Doctor's Role Collide in AIDS Case, The Post-Standard, p. B1, col. 1, May 21, 1988.

Vanderhale v. Berinstein, 285 A.D. 290, 136 N.Y.S.2d 95, modified 285 A.D. 1089, 136 N.Y.S.2d 349 (3d Dept. 1954).

J. Allen, Health Care Workers and the Risk of HIV Infection, Hastings Center Report, 18, p. S2, 1988.

Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome—United States, 1989, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 39, pp. 81, 82, 1990.

Pennsylvania Insurance Management Company, Hospital Risk Control, Infection Control, 1986 (citing H. P. Kaplan, Autologous Transfusion, August 1985).

L. O. Gostin, The AIDS Litigation Report, Journal of the American Medical Association, 263, pp. 1961, 1965, 1990.

N.Y. Public Health Law, §§ 225(4), 225(5)(a), 206(1)(j), 1981.

OSHA Communications Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200.

N.Y. Labor Law Article 28 (1981).

N.Y. Sanitary Code Article 24.1 (1989).

131 Cal. Rptr. 14 (1971).

29 U.S.C. §§ 701-99 (1982).

42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e to 2000e-17 (1982).

29 U.S.C. § 1001-1461 (1982).

29 U.S.C. §§ 151-68 (1982).

29 U.S.C. §§ 651-78 (1982).

45 C.F.R. § 84.3(2)(i) (1987).

45 CFR §84.3(k)(1) (1985).

J. E. Brockhoeft, AIDS in the Workplace: Legal Limitations on Employer Actions, American Business Law Journal, 26, pp. 255, 279-281, 1988.

C. Applebaum, The Application of Handicap Discrimination Laws to AIDS Patients, U.S.F. Law Review, 22, p. 317, 1988.

107 S. Ct. 1123 (1987)

772 F.2d 759 (11th Cir. 1985).

840 F.2d 701 (9th Cir. 1988).

Thomas v. Atascadero Unified School Dist., 662 F. Supp. 376 (C.D. Cal. 1987).

Ray v. School Dist. of De Soto County, 666 F. Supp. 1524 (M.D. Ha. 1987).

Pub. L. No. 100-259, 102 Stat. 28 (1988) (to be codified at 29 U.S.C. §70 (1988).

C. Cooper, Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel for the Department of Health and Human Resources, Application of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act to Persons with AIDS, AIDS-Related Complex, or Infection with the AIDS Virus, June 20, 1986.

D. Kmiec, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, U.S. Department of Justice, Application of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act to HIV-Infected Individuals, October 6, 1988.

Charlotte Memorial Hospital, Complaint No. 04-84-3096 (Office for Civil Rights, Region IV, HHS, August 5, 1986).

West v. Butler, 621 F.2d 240 (6th Cir. 1980).

Kross v. Western Electric Company, Inc., 701 F.2d 1238 (7th Cir. 1983).

J. Fossum, Labor Relations: Development, Structure, Process (4th Edition), BPI, Irwin, Homewood, Illinois, p. 81, 1989.

Cook County Bd. of Education, 89 L.A. 521 (1987).

Bureau of National Affairs, Basic Pattern in Union Contracts, (11th Edition), pp. 130-132, 1988.

42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e to 2000e-17 (1982).

K. H. Henry, The AIDS Epidemic: Implications for Healthcare Employers, The Healthcare Supervisor, 6, pp. 1, 4, 1987.

Minnesota Dept. of Corrections, 85 LA 1185 (1985).

Grievance Guide (6th Edition), BNA, pp. 1-2, 1982.

P. J. Cihon and J. O. Castagnera, Labor and Employment Law 81, PWS-Kent Publishing Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 1988.

29 U.S.C. § 254 (1982).

Employment Testing: Testing Resource Manual, p. A:11, 1987.

Whirlpool Corp. V. Marshall, 455 U.S. 1 (1980).

Minnesota Dept. of Corrections, 85 LA 1185 (1985).

D. Mayer, Safety Agency Cites 7 Health Care Facilities—Poor AIDS Safeguards, Healthweek, April 25, 1988.

National Gay Rights Advocates Survey, September 1986.

S. N. Hurd, States Pass AIDS-related Laws, Employment Testing, 3, pp. 351, 352, 1989.

N.Y. Exec Law §296 (McKinney, 1988).

AIDS in the Workplace, N.Y.S. Joint Labor/Management Comm. on AIDS, p. 15, 1989.

Summary of Cases 1987-1988, Office of AIDS Discrimination Issues, New York State Division of Human Rights.

Los Angeles, Cal., Ordinance No. 160289 (Los Angeles, Cal., Municipal Code ch. III, art. 5.8, §§ 45.80-45.93).

Bernales v. City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health, California Labor Commission, Nos. 11-17001-1, 11-17001-2, 11-17001-4 (September 1985).

316 N.Y.S. 2d 348 (1970).

N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 2781(1) (1989).

D. Burda, Insurer Counsels on Preemployment Testing for AIDS, Hospitals, 35, September 20, 1987.

Citizens Commission of AIDS for New York City and Northern New Jersey, Responding to AIDS: Ten Principles for the Workplace, p. 23, 1988.

Guidelines for Prevention of Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus to Health-Care and Public-Safety Workers, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, pp. 1, 4, June 23, 1989.

R. M. Green, The Hospital as Employer and Health Care Provider: A Perspective on AIDS, 23rd Annual Personnel and Labor Relations Institute, Hospital Association of New York State, p. 17, 1986.

K. L. Goldsmith, Factors Critical to Dealing with AIDS in the Workplace, Provider for Long-Term Care Professionals, p. 50, 1987.

P. Pontius, AIDS in the Workplace Seminar Series: Corporate Strategies, The Business Council of New York State, Inc., pp. 1-3, 1988.