10.2190/4H9K-JKV3-6QTB-9VTR 4H9KJKV36QTB9VTR 3 Arbitration or Litigation for Employment Civil Rights? 19 27 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 4H9KJKV36QTB9VTR.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=4H9KJKV36QTB9VTR 1 Gregory W. Baxter Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant The Supreme Court's May, 1991, decision in <i>Gilmer v. Interstate Johnson Lane</i> allows and encourages Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) of employment discrimination claims without the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's (EEOC) involvement. Congress endorsed ADR in Section 118 of the 1991 Civil Rights Act, amending the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the new Americans with Disability Act. In combination, <i>Gilmer</i> and Section 118 offer discrimination claimants and respondents relief from the costs and inefficiencies of the current anti-discrimination enforcement system. The ADR promises to be everything the EEOC-and-private-litigation system is not: fair, fast, final, and cheap. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, <i>Annual Reports</i>, U.S. Government Printing Office, Fiscal Years 1980-1988. <i>Christianburg Garment Co. v. EEOC</i>, 98 S.Ct. 694, 1978. W. Olson, <i>The Litigation Explosion</i>, Penguin Books, New York, 1991. <i>EEOC v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc.</i>, DC MFla 48 FEP 66, 1988. <i>EEOC v. Oak Park Teachers Assn.</i>, DC Ill. 45 FEP 444, 1985. <i>O'Halpin v. Nassau County Police Department</i>, DC NY 44 FEP 1631, 1987. <i>EEOC v. Carolina Freight Carriers Corp.</i>, DC SFla 47 FEP 419, 1988. <i>Lum v. City and County of Honolulu</i>, DC Hawaii 47 FEP 899, 1988. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Compliance Manual, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990. <i>Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co.</i>, 415 S.Ct. 36, 1974. <i>Gilmer vs. Interstate-Johnson Lane Corp.</i>, 111 S.Ct. 1647, 1991. <i>Gilmer vs. Interstate-Johnson</i>, 55 FEP, 1121-1123. <i>Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. v. Alford</i>, 905 F 2d. 104, 1990. <i>Willis v. Dean Reynolds, Inc.</i>, 948 F 2d. 305, 1991. <i>Wards Cove v. Antonio</i>, 109 S.Ct. 2115, 1989. <i>Martin v. Wilks</i>, 109 S.Ct. 2180, 1989. <i>Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.</i>, 490 S.Ct. 477, 1989. <i>Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc.</i>, 473 S.Ct. 614, 1985. Administrator of the U.S. Courts, <i>Annual Reports</i>, U.S. Government Printing Office, Fiscal Years 1988, 1989. P. Burstein and K. Monaghan, Equal Employment Opportunity and the Mobilization of the Law, <i>Law and Society Review</i>, 20:3, pp. 355-388, 1986. G. Fay, Plaintiffs' Strategies, in <i>Age Discrimination: A Legal and Practical Guide for Employers</i>, BNA, 1989. W. Gould, Stemming the Wrongful Discharge Tide: A Case for Arbitration, <i>Employee Relations Law Journal, 13</i>:404, 1987. J. Donohue and P. Siegelman, The Changing Nature of Employment Discrimination Litigation, <i>Stanford Law Review, 43</i>:983, pp. 983-1033, May 1991. M. Hoyman and L. Stallworth, Arbitrating Discrimination Grievances in the Wake of <i>Gardner-Denver, Monthly Labor Review, 106</i>:10, pp. 3-10, October 1983. K. Elwell and P. Feuille, Arbitration Awards and <i>Gardner-Denver</i> Lawsuits: One Bite or Two?, <i>Industrial Relations, 23</i>:2, pp. 282-297, 1984. R. Block and J. Steiber, The Impact of Attorneys and Arbitrators on Arbitration Awards, <i>Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 40</i>:4, pp. 543-555, July 1987. N. Nelson and E. Curry, Arbitrator Characteristics and Arbitral Decisions, <i>Industrial Relations</i>, Fall 1981. M. LeRoy and P. Feuille, The <i>Steelworkers Trilogy</i> and Grievance Arbitration Appeals: How the Federal Courts Respond, <i>Industrial Relations Law Journal, 13</i>:1, pp. 78-94, 1992. <i>Hull v. Norcom, Inc.</i>, 750 F 2d. 1547, 1985. <i>EEOC v. Board of Governors of State Colleges and Universities</i>, DC Ill 44 FEP 724, 1987.