10.2190/26PF-1PLH-EH7N-KTBF 26PF1PLHEH7NKTBF 4 Procedural Justice and Organizational Change in a Municipal Organization 307 323 20020509 20020509 20020509 20020509 26PF1PLHEH7NKTBF.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=26PF1PLHEH7NKTBF 4 Herman Steensma Jacques Allegro Judy Knip Leiden University, The Netherlands KLM, Royal Dutch Airlines, The Netherlands Management consultants should clarify their norms and values insofar as they play a role in planning change processes. This principle is illustrated by an abridged description of the project "job satisfaction in a municipal sanitary service organization." A net-utility theory of job satisfaction was tested among 102 workers. The theory stood its test very well. Based on this theory and on democratic, empowering values of the consultants, a change process was planned and implemented. Several aspects of the timetable of that change process are discussed: initiators, client situation, organizational culture, type of organization, functions of temporary structures, anchorages for change, choice of change strategy, diagnosis and the role of hard signals, action plans, implementation, and evaluation. The project was evaluated positively. Attention is paid to the causes of satisfaction with participation in decision making. It is concluded that many organizational change projects can be interpreted according to the language of procedural justice theory. S. K. Ho, <i>TQM, an Integrated Approach: Implementing Total Quality through Japanese 5-S and ISO 9000</i>, Kogan Page, London, 1995. R. E. Quinn and M. R. McGrath, The Transformation of Organizational Cultures: A competing Values Perspective, in <i>Organizational Culture</i>, P. J. Frost, L. F. Moore, M. R. Louis, C. C. Lundberg, and J. Martin (eds.) Sage, Beverly Hills, California, 1985. J. Van Muijen, P. Koopman, and K. DeWitte, <i>Focus op Organisatiecultuur—Het Concurrerende-waarden Model en het Meten en Veranderen van Organisatiecultuur</i>, Academic Service, Schoonhoven, 1996. R. Chin and K. Benne, General Strategies for Effecting Changes in Human Systems, in <i>The Planning of Change</i>, W. Bennis, K. Benne, and R. Chin (eds.), Holt, Rinehart, Winston, New York, 1969. J. Winnubst, Stress, in <i>Handboek Arbeids- en Organisatiepsychologie</i>, P. J. D. Drenth et al. (eds.), Van Loghum Slaterus, Deventer, 1980. V. Vroom, <i>Work and Motivation</i>, Wiley, New York, 1964. J. Hackman and R. Oldham, <i>Work Redesign</i>, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1980. A. H. Brayfield and H. F. Rothe, An Index of Job Satisfaction, <i>Journal of Applied Psychology, 35</i>, pp. 307-311, 1951. R. Michels, <i>Political Parties</i>, Free Press, New York, 1949 (originally, in German, 1911). G. Leventhal, J. Karuza, and W. R. Fry, Beyond Fairness: A Theory of Allocation Preferences, in <i>Justice and Social Interaction</i>, G. Mikula (ed.), Huber, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 167-218, 1980. M. J. Lerner and L. A. Whitehead, Procedural Justice Viewed in the Context of Justice Motive Theory, in <i>Justice and Social Interaction</i>, G. Mikula (ed.), Huber, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 219-256, 1980. R. Folger, Distributive and Procedural Justice: Combined Impact of "Voice" and Improvement of Experienced Inequity, <i>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35</i>, pp. 108-119, 1977. J. Thibaut and L. Walker, <i>Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis</i>, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1975. T. R. Tyler and E. A. Lind, A Relational Model of Authority in Groups, in <i>Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 25</i>, M. P. Zanna (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 115-191, 1992. J. Allegro, H. Kruidenier, and H. Steensma, Aspects of Distributive and Procedural Justice in Quality of Working Life, in <i>Social Justice in Human Relations, Vol. 2, Societal and Psychological Consequences of Justice and Injustice</i>, H. Steensma and R. Vermunt (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 99-116, 1991. L. Coch and J. R. P. French, Jr., Overcoming Resistance to Change, <i>Human Relations, 1</i>, pp. 512-533, 1948. <i>Journal of Organizational Change Management (1999), Vol. 12, number 1</i>: Justice and Fairness in Organizational Change. (Guest editor: K. C. Wooten).