10.2190/7EEP-D4HH-PAAA-L87P 7EEPD4HHPAAAL87P 91 SUBSTANCE ABUSE: THE NEED FOR SECOND-ORDER CHANGE 91 109 20040416 20040416 20040416 20040416 7EEPD4HHPAAAL87P.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=7EEPD4HHPAAAL87P 2 LEONARD A. JASON BRADLEY D. OLSON JOSEPH R. FERRARI MARGARET I. DAVIS DePaul University Under modern managed care, private and public sector inpatient substance abuse have reduced their services dramatically. Compounding this problem is the finding that various traditional substance abuse treatment programs, including inpatient and outpatient treatment programs, have high rates of recidivism. There is a need to develop and evaluate lower cost, non-medical, community-based care options for individuals recovering from substance-related disorders. 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