10.2190/D60U-5637-M315-3K57 D60U5637M3153K57 4 A Case Study of the Yeshasvini Health Insurance Scheme for the Rural Poor in India 261 306 20070628 20070628 20070628 20070628 D60U5637M3153K57.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D60U5637M3153K57 3 Sarosh Kuruvilla Mingwei Liu Priti Jacob Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Bangalore, India This is a case study of the Yeshasvini Health Insurance Scheme for rural farmers and peasants in Karnataka, which has a potential to be a model for developing countries in providing a modicum of health security for their citizens. We describe the origins and functioning of the scheme, analyze its performance to-date, and find support for its transferability to several other states in India. We also identify the institutional conditions that influence success of a scheme of this kind, and discuss some of the critical problems that occurred during the scheme's first year of operations. 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