<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE Publisher PUBLIC "-//MetaPress//DTD MetaPress 2.0//EN" "http://public.metapress.com/dtd/MPRESS/MetaPressv2.dtd">
<Publisher>
	<PublisherInfo>
		<PublisherName>Baywood Publishing Company</PublisherName>
	</PublisherInfo>
	<Journal>
		<JournalInfo JournalType="Journals">
			<JournalPrintISSN>1091-2851</JournalPrintISSN>
			<JournalElectronicISSN>1541-4450</JournalElectronicISSN>
			<JournalTitle>International Journal of Self Help and Self Care</JournalTitle>
			<JournalCode>BWSH</JournalCode>
			<JournalID>300316</JournalID>
			<JournalURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=journal&amp;id=300316</JournalURL>
		</JournalInfo>
		<Volume>
			<VolumeInfo>
				<VolumeNumber>4</VolumeNumber>
			</VolumeInfo>
			<Issue>
				<IssueInfo IssueType="Regular">
					<IssueNumberBegin>1</IssueNumberBegin>
					<IssueNumberEnd>2</IssueNumberEnd>
					<IssueSupplement>0</IssueSupplement>
					<IssuePartStart>0</IssuePartStart>
					<IssuePartEnd>0</IssuePartEnd>
					<IssueSequence>000004000120050101</IssueSequence>
					<IssuePublicationDate>
						<CoverDate Year="2005" Month="1" Day="1"/>
						<CoverDisplay>Number 1 - 2 / 2005-2006</CoverDisplay>
					</IssuePublicationDate>
					<IssueID>GQ652U1PM6J3</IssueID>
					<IssueURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=issue&amp;id=GQ652U1PM6J3</IssueURL>
				</IssueInfo>
				<Article ArticleType="Original">
					<ArticleInfo Free="No" ESM="No">
						<ArticleDOI>10.2190/SH.4.1-2.h</ArticleDOI>
						<ArticlePII>33T61838K46M7UXJ</ArticlePII>
						<ArticleSequenceNumber>7</ArticleSequenceNumber>
						<ArticleTitle Language="En">Are Mythopoetic Men's Support Groups Repackaged Patriarchy?</ArticleTitle>
						<ArticleFirstPage>99</ArticleFirstPage>
						<ArticleLastPage>117</ArticleLastPage>
						<ArticleHistory>
							<RegistrationDate>20080613</RegistrationDate>
							<ReceivedDate>20080613</ReceivedDate>
							<Accepted>20080613</Accepted>
							<OnlineDate>20080613</OnlineDate>
						</ArticleHistory>
						<FullTextFileName>33T61838K46M7UXJ.pdf</FullTextFileName>
						<FullTextURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&amp;id=33T61838K46M7UXJ</FullTextURL>
						<Composite>1</Composite>
					</ArticleInfo>
					<ArticleHeader>
						<AuthorGroup>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Edward</GivenName>
								<Initials>Read</Initials>
								<FamilyName>Barton</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A1">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>Michigan State University</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
						</AuthorGroup>
						<Abstract Language="En">As a patriarchal society, the United States, along with much of the rest of the world, has established the male in a dominant role, with men socially conditioned to be providers, in control, and always to remain strong and manly. As a result of these socially constructed definitions of manhood, men have historically had to suppress their more tender feelings, leading sometimes to emotional isolation, alienation from their true feelings, and a feeling of powerlessness. Today men are finding the attributes of hegemonic, patriarchal masculinity untenable. Accordingly, men have begun to realize that they can take responsibility for their situations and change their lives if they so desire. Part of that change involves re-visioning, re-creating, and reconstructing healthier and less conflicted forms of masculine identity by making intentional choices to move out of the power and control cycle. As effective social remedies have been sought to help &quot;men in crisis&quot; (aside from therapeutic solutions), a highly, and increasingly successful intervention has proved to be participation in both self-help and mutual support groups. Mythopoetic men's peer mutual support groups are one setting where these reconstructions of masculine identity are occurring. This study focuses on the value of the mythopoetic branch of the contemporary men's movement as a rejection of patriarchal values, patriarchal masculinity, rather than just being another form of &quot;repackaged&quot; patriarchy.</Abstract>
						<biblist>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="1">Bandura, A. (1977). &lt;i&gt;Social learning theory.&lt;/i&gt; Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="2">Barton, E. R. (Ed.). (2000a). &lt;i&gt;Mythopoetic perspectives of men's healing work: An anthology for therapists and others.&lt;/i&gt; Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="3">Barton, E. R. (2000b). Parallels between mythopoetic men's work/men's peer mutual support groups and selected feminist theories. In E. R. Barton (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Mythopoetic perspectives of men's healing work: An anthology for therapists and others&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 3-20). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="4">Barton, E. R. (2000c). Conclusion. In E. R. Barton (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Mythopoetic perspectives of men's healing work: An anthology for therapists and others&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 252-255). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="5">Barton, E. R. (2003). &lt;i&gt;A qualitative exploration of participation in men's peer mutual support groups: Beyond men hugging trees.&lt;/i&gt; Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="6">Bilgere, D. (1997). &lt;i&gt;Beyond the blame gage: Creating compassion and ending the sex war in your life.&lt;/i&gt; Madison, WI: MPC Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="7">Bliss, S. (1992). What happened at a mythopoetic weekend? In C. Harding (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Wingspan: Inside the men's movement&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 95-99). New York: St. Martin's Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="8">Bly, R. (1990). &lt;i&gt;Iron John: A book about men.&lt;/i&gt; Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="9">Brandtstadter, J., &amp; Lerner, R. M. (Eds.). (1999). &lt;i&gt;Action &amp; self-development: Theory and research through the life span.&lt;/i&gt; Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="10">Brannon, R. (1985). A scale for measuring attitudes about masculinity. In A. Sargent (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Beyond sex roles.&lt;/i&gt; St. Paul, MN: West.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="11">Brod, H. (1992). The mythopoetic men's movement: A political critique. In C. Harding, (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Wingspan: Inside the men's movement&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 232-236). New York: St. Martin's Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="12">Brown, L. S. (1992). Essential lies: A dystopian vision of the mythopoetic men's movement. In K. L. Hagen (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Women respond to the men's movement&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 93-100). San Francisco, CA: Pandora.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="13">Connell, R. W. (1987). &lt;i&gt;Gender and power: Society, the person politics.&lt;/i&gt; Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="14">Eisler, R. (1990). &lt;i&gt;The chalice and the blade.&lt;/i&gt; London, UK: Mandala.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="15">Ellis, K. (1994). Who's afriad of Robert Bly? Feminism, gender politics, and the mainstream media. &lt;i&gt;Masculinities&lt;/i&gt;, 2(1), 8-20.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="16">Faludi, S. (1991). &lt;i&gt;Backlash: The undeclared war against American women.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Crown.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="17">Gilligan, C. (1993). &lt;i&gt;In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development.&lt;/i&gt; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="18">Hagen, K. L. (Ed.). (1992). &lt;i&gt;Women respond to the men's movement.&lt;/i&gt; San Francisco, CA: Pandora.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="19">Hollis, J. (1994). &lt;i&gt;Under saturn's shadow: The wounding and healing of men.&lt;/i&gt; Toronto, ON: Inner City Books.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="20">Irvine, L., &amp; Klocke, B. (2001). Redefining men. &lt;i&gt;Men and Masculinities&lt;/i&gt;, 4(1), 27-48.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="21">Jesser, C. J. (1996). &lt;i&gt;Fierce and tender men: Sociological aspects of the men's movement.&lt;/i&gt; Westport, CT: Praeger.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="22">Kaufman, M. (1993). &lt;i&gt;Cracking the armour: Power, pain and the lives of men.&lt;/i&gt; Toronto, ON: Viking.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="23">Kaufman, M. (1994). Men, feminism, and men's contradictory experiences of power. In H. Brod &amp; M. Kaufman (Eds.), &lt;i&gt;Theorizing masculinities&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 142-163). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="24">Kimmel, M. S. (1995). &lt;i&gt;The politics of manhood: Profeminist men respond to the mythopoetic men's movement (and the mythopoetic leaders answer).&lt;/i&gt; Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="25">Kipnis, A. R. (1991). &lt;i&gt;Knights without armor.&lt;/i&gt; Los Angeles, CA: Jeremy P. Tarcher.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="26">Liebman, W. (1991). &lt;i&gt;Tending the fire: The ritual men's group.&lt;/i&gt; St. Paul, MN: Ally Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="27">Mankowski, E. S. (2000). Reconstructing masculinity: Role models in life stories of men's peer mutual support group members. In E. R. Barton (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Mythopoetic perspectives of men's healing work: An anthology for therapists and others&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 100-117). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="28">Mankowski, E. S., Maton, K. I., Burke, C. K., Hoover, S. A., &amp; Anderson, C. W. (2000). Collaborative research with a men's organization: Psychological, impact, functioning, and organizational growth. In E. R. Barton (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Mythopoetic perspectives of men's healing work: An anthology for therapists and others&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 184-203). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="29">Moore, R. L. (2001). &lt;i&gt;The archetype of initiation: Sacred space, ritual process, and personal transformation.&lt;/i&gt; M. J. Havlick (Ed.), Chicago, IL: Xlibris.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="30">Morgan, D. H. J. (1994). Theater of war: Combat, the military, and masculinities. In H. Brod &amp; M. Kaufman (Eds.), &lt;i&gt;Theorizing masculinity&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 165-182). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="31">Moyer, R. J. III (2004). &lt;i&gt;The function of ritual in the mythopoetic men's movement: A self-in-relation approach.&lt;/i&gt; Unpublished clinical doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University, San Diego, California.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="32">New Warrior Network. (1996). &lt;i&gt;The new warrior training adventure&lt;/i&gt; (brochure). Wendall, MA: Author.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="33">O'Hanlon, B. (1999). &lt;i&gt;Do one thing different: And other uncommonly sensible solutions to life's persistent problems.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Wm. Morrow &amp; Co., Inc.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="34">Pence, E., &amp; Paymar, M. (1993). &lt;i&gt;Education groups for men who batter: The Duluth model.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Springer.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="35">Pentz, M. (2000). Heuristic and ethnographic study of the ManKind Project: Initiating men into a &quot;New Masculinity&quot; or a repackaging of dominant controlling patriarchy? In E. R. Barton (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Mythopoetic perspectives of men's healing work: An anthology for therapists and others&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 204-225). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="36">Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C., &amp; DiClemente, C. C. (1994). &lt;i&gt;Changing for good: The revolutionary program that explains the six stages of change and teaches you how to free yourself from bad habits.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Morrow.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="37">Putnam, R. D. (2000). &lt;i&gt;Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of American Community.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Simon &amp; Schuster.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="38">Real, T. (1997). &lt;i&gt;I don't want to talk about it: Overcoming the secret legacy of male depression.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Scribner.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="39">Richards, D. J. (2000). The therapeutic status of the mythopoetic approach: A psychological perspective. &lt;i&gt;In&lt;/i&gt; E. R. Barton (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Mythopoetic perspectives of men's healing work: An anthology for therapists and others&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 157-179). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="40">Rowan, J. (1991). Four hills of vision: Working with men in groups. In J. Matthews (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Choirs of the gods: Revisioning masculinity&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 76-99). London, UK: Mandala.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="41">Ruther, R. R. (1992). Patriarchy and the men's movement: Part of the problem or part of the solution. In K. L. Hagan (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Women respond to the men's movement&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 13-18). San Francisco, CA: Pandora.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="42">Schwalbe, M. (1996). &lt;i&gt;Unlocking the iron cage: The men's movement, gender politics, and American culture.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Oxford University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="43">Starhawk. (1992). A men's movement I can trust. In K. L. Hagan (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;Women respond to the men's movement&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 27-38). San Francisco, CA: Pandora.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="44">Steinem, G. (1993). &lt;i&gt;Revolution from within: A book of self-esteem.&lt;/i&gt; Boston, MA: Little Brown and Co.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="45">Surrey, J. L. (1991). The relational self in women: Clinical implications. In J. V. Jordan, A. G. Kaplan, J. B. Miller, I. P. Stiver, &amp; J. L. Surrey (Eds.), &lt;i&gt;Women's growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 35-43). New York: Guilford Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="46">Wuthnow, R. (1996). &lt;i&gt;Sharing the journey: Support groups and America's new quest for community.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Free Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
						</biblist>
					</ArticleHeader>
				</Article>
			</Issue>
		</Volume>
	</Journal>
</Publisher>
