10.2190/SH.4.1-2.j KV772054147V470L 9 Setting Level Characteristics in Consumer-Run Organizations that Enhance Member Outcomes 137 147 20080613 20080613 20080613 20080613 KV772054147V470L.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=KV772054147V470L 1 Crystal Reinhart Greg Meissen Scott Wituk Matthew Shepherd Wichita State University, Kansas Setting level characteristics associated with consumer-run organizations (CROs) were examined to determine which were related to positive outcomes among 250 participants in 20 CROs. An interview was conducted with participants to gauge their perception of setting level characteristics and personal outcomes of services. The results indicated the setting level characteristics of organizational climate and sense of community were related to improved outcomes of services. The setting level characteristics and perceived improvement of member outcomes indicates a relationship between a person's perception of their environment and a person's perception of their own improvement over time. These results support the continued focus on organizational capacity building, encouraging participation, and increasing social support as critical features of CROs. Brown, L. D. (2004). <i>The organizational health of consumer-run organizations in Kansas</i>. Wichita, KS: Wichita State University, Self-Help Network. Brown, L. D., Shepherd, M. D., Wituk, S. A., & Meissen, G. (2007). How settings change people: Applying behavior setting theory to consumer-run organizations. <i>Journal of Community Psychology</i>, 35, 399-416. Davidson, L., Chinman, M., Kloos, B., Weingarten, R., Stayner, D., & Tebes, J. K. (1999). Peer support among individuals with severe mental illness: A review of the evidence. <i>Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice</i>, 6(2), 165-187. Goldstrom, I. D., Campbell, J., Rogers, J. A., Lambert, D. B., Blacklow, B., Henderson, M. J., & Manderscheid, R. W. (2006). National estimates for mental health mutual support groups, self help organizations, and consumer-operated services. <i>Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research</i>, 33(1), 92-103. Hardiman, E. R., & Segal, S. P. (2003). Community membership and social networks in mental health self-help agencies. <i>Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal</i>, 27(1), 25-33. Herman, S. E., Onaga, E., Pernice-Duca, F., Oh, S., & Ferguson, C. (2005). Sense of community in clubhouse programs: Member and staff concepts. <i>American Journal of Community Psychology</i>, 36(3/4), 343-356. Holter, M. C., Mowbray, C. T., Bellamy, C. D., MacFarlane, P., & Dukarski, J. (2004). Critical ingredients of consumer run services: Results of a national survey. <i>Community Mental Health Journal</i>, 40(1), 47-63. Holter, M. C., Mowbray, C. T., & Robinson, E. A. (2002). Consumer drop-in centers: Operations, services, and consumer involvement. <i>Health and Social Work</i> 27(4), 248-261. Maton, K. I., & Salem, D. A. (1995). Organizational characteristics of empowering community settings: A multiple case study approach. <i>American Journal of Community Psychology</i>, 23(5), 631-656. McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. <i>Journal of Community Psychology</i>, 14(1), 6-23. Mead, S., Hilton, D., & Curtis, L. (2001). Peer support: A theoretical perspective. <i>Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal</i>, 25(2), 134-141. Mental Health Statistical Improvement Program. (2000). <i>The MHSIP Consumer Satisfaction Survey</i>. Retrieved March 1, 2005, from <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mhsip.org/surveylink.htm'>http://www.mhsip.org/surveylink.htm</a> Moos, R. H. (1974). <i>Evaluating treatment environments: A social ecological approach</i>. New York: John Wiley. Moos, R. H., & Humphrey, B. (1974). <i>Group environment scale form</i>. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Mowbray, C., & Moxley, D. (1997). Future for empowerment of consumer role innovation. In C. Mowbray, D. Moxley, C. Jasper, & L. Howell (Eds.), <i>Consumers as providers in psychiatric rehabilitation</i> (pp. 518-525). Columbia, MD: International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services. Mowbray, C. T., & Tan, C. (1993). Consumer-operated drop-in centers: Evaluation of operations and impact. <i>Journal of Mental Health Administration</i>, 20, 8-19. Nelson, G., Lord, J., & Ochocka, J. (2001). <i>Shifting the paradigm in community mental health: Towards empowerment and community</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. (2003). <i>Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America. Final Report.</i> DHHS Pub. No. SMA-03-3832. Rockville, Maryland. Riesman, F. (1965). The helper therapy principle. <i>Social Work</i>, 10, 27-32. Report of the Surgeon General on Mental Health. (2000). <i>Mental health: A report of the surgeon general</i>. Retrieved August 15, 2006 from: <a target="_blank" href='http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter2/sec9.html'>http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter2/sec9.html</a> Segal, S. P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1995a). Characteristics and service use of long-term members of self-help agencies for mental health consumers. <i>Psychiatric Services</i>, 46, 269-274. Segal, S. P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1995b). Measuring empowerment in client-run self-help agencies. <i>Community Mental Health Journal</i>, 31, 215-217. Silverman, S. H., Blank, M. B., & Taylor, L. C. (1997). On our own: Preliminary findings from a consumer-run service model. <i>Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal</i>, 21(2), 151-159. Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration. (2000). Consumer Operated Services Program Multisite Baseline Protocol 2.3. Retrieved April 3, 2007, from <a target="_blank" href='http://www.cstprogram.org/consumer%20op/MultiSite%20Activities/Common%20Protocol/BaselineProtocol.pdf'>http://www.cstprogram.org/consumer%20op/MultiSite%20Activities/Common%20Protocol/BaselineProtocol.pdf</a> Teague, G. B., Ganju, V., Hornik, J. A., Johnson, J. R., & McKinney, J. (1997). The MHSIP mental health report card: A consumer-oriented approach to monitoring the quality of mental health plans. <i>Evaluation Review</i>, 21, 330-341. Tseng, V., & Seidman, E. (2007). A systems framework for understanding social settings. <i>American Journal of Community Psychology</i>, 39, 217-228. University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare. (1996). Kansas Family Satisfaction Survey. Vu, C. C., Wituk, S., & Shepherd, M. (2005). <i>Track and trend report</i>. Wichita, KS: Wichita State University, Self-Help Network.