10.2190/SH.4.3.d D3X586R1106301W5 5 Member Characteristics of Consumer Run Organizations and Service Utilization Patterns 221 238 20090522 20090522 20090522 20090522 D3X586R1106301W5.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=D3X586R1106301W5 3 Todd Shagott Chi Vu Crystal Reinhart Scott Wituk Greg Meissen Wichita State University, Kansas The present study examines the member characteristics of consumer-run organizations (CRO), nonprofit mutual help organizations staffed by mental health consumers. Members reported significantly higher levels of use of physical health services than psychological services. Twenty percent of members identified their CRO as their only means of psychological support. CRO members were more racially/ethnically diverse than mental health consumers in traditional settings indicating that CROs are attractive to minorities which are often underrepresented in receiving mental health services. CRO members' social networks were heavily composed of other CRO members, with church friends and family members also well represented. CRO membership may provide a social network effectively oriented toward recovery and community integration.

Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 843-857.

Brown, L. D., Shepherd, M. D., Merkle, E. C., Wituk, S. A., & Meissen, G. (2008). Understanding how participation in a consumer-run organization relates to recovery. Journal of Community Psychology.

Brown, L. D., Shepherd, M. D., Wituk, S. A., & Meissen, G. (2007). Goal achievement and the accountability of consumer-run organizations. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 31(4), 73-82.

Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B. H., & Underwood, L. G. (2000). Social relationships and health. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 3-28). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Corrigan, P. W., & Phelan, S. M. (2004). Social support and recovery in people with serious mental illnesses. Community Mental Health Journal, 40(6), 513-523.

Cynkar, A. (2007). Dropping in, climbing back. Monitor on psychology: A publication of the American Psychological Association, 38, 30-31.

Eklund, M., & Hansson, L. (2007). Social network among people with persistent mental illness: Associations with sociodemographic, clinical and health-related factors. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 53(4), 293-305.

Goldstrom, I. D., Campbell, J., Rogers, J. A., Lambert, D. B., Blacklow, B., Henderson, M. J., et al. (2006). National estimates for mental health mutual support groups, self-help organizations, and consumer-operated services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 33(1), 92-103.

Gulcur, L., Tsemberis, S., Stefancic, A., & Greenwood, R. M. (2007). Community integration of adults with psychiatric disabilities and histories of homelessness. Community Mental Health Journal, 43(3), 213-228.

Hansson, L., & Bjorkman, T. (2007). Are factors associated with subjective quality of life in people with severe mental illness consistent over time? A 6-year follow-up study. Quality of Life Research, 16, 9-16.

Hardiman, E. R., & Segal, S. P. (2003). Community membership and social networks in mental health self-help agencies. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27(1), 25-33.

Hodges, J. Q., Markward, M., Keele, C., & Evans, C. J. (2003). Use of self-help services and consumer satisfaction with professional mental health services. Psychiatric Services, 54(8), 1161-1163.

Holter, M. C., & Mowbray, C. T. (2005). Consumer-run drop-in centers: Program operations and costs. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(4), 323-331.

House, J. S., Robbins, C., & Metzner, H. L. (1982). The Association of Social Relationships and Activities with Mortality: Prospective evidence from the Tecumseh Community Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 116(1), 123-140.

Maton, K. I., & Salem, D. A. (1995). Organizational characteristics of empowering community settings: A multiple case study approach. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 631-656.

McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415-444.

Missouri Institute of Mental Health. (2004). Consumer-Operated Services Program (COSP) Multisite Research Initiative. St. Louis, MO [5400 Arsenal Street, St. Louis 63139]: Missouri Institute of Mental Health

Mowbray, C. T., Robinson, E. A. R., & Holter, M. C. (2002). Consumer drop-in centers: Operations, services, and consumer involvement. Health and Social Work, 27, 248-261.

Mowbray, C., & Tan, C. (1993). Consumer-operated drop-in centers: Evaluation of operations and impact. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 21(1), 8-19.

Nelson, G., Ochocka, J., Janzen, R., & Trainor, J. (2006b). A longitudinal study of mental health consumer/survivor initiatives: Part 2—A quantitative study of impacts of participation on new members. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(3), 261-272.

Nelson, G., Ochocka, J., Janzen, R., Trainor, J., Goering, P., & Lomotey, J. (2007). A longitudinal study of mental health consumer/survivor initiatives: Part v—Outcomes at 3-year follow-up. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 655-665.

Newsom, J. T., Rook, K. S., Nishishiba, M., Sorkin, D. H., & Mahan, T. L. (2005). Understanding the relative importance of positive and negative social exchanges: Examining specific domains and appraisals. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(6), 304-312.

Ochocka, J., Nelson, G., Janzen, R., & Trainor, J. (2006). A longitudinal study of mental health consumer/survivor initiatives: Part 3—A qualitative study of impacts of participation on new members. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(3), 273-283.

Osborn, D. P. (2001). The poor physical health of people with mental illness. Western Journal of Medicine, 175(5), 329-332.

President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. (2003). Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America: Final report. Rockville, MD [5600 Fishers Lane, Suite 13C-26, Rockville 20857]: President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health.

Segal, S. P., & Silverman, C. (2002). Determinants of client outcomes in self-help agencies. Psychiatric Services, 53(3), 304-309.

Silverman, S., Blank, M. M., & Taylor, L. C. (1997). On our own: Preliminary findings from a consumer-run service model. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 21(2), 151-159.

Solomon, P. (2004). Peer support/peer provided services underlying processes, benefits, and critical ingredients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27(4), 392-401.

Trainor, J., Shepherd, M., Boydell, K. M., Leff, A., & Crawford, E. (1997). Beyond the service paradigm: The impact and implications of consumer/survivor initiatives. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 21, 132-140.

Wituk, S., Shepherd, M. D., Slavich, S., Warren, M. L., & Meissen, G. (2000). A topography of self-help groups: An empirical analysis. Social Work, 45(2), 157-165.

Wong, Y.-L. I., & Solomon, P. L. (2002). Community integration of people with psychiatric disabilities in supportive housing: A conceptual model and methodological considerations. Mental Health Services Research, 4(1), 13-28.