10.2190/SH.7.2.f LR527874U6620420 6 Ethnic Differences in Cultural Models of Breast Cancer Support Groups 193 215 20130729 20130729 20130729 20130729 LR527874U6620420.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=LR527874U6620420 2 Jaime Corvin Jeannine Coreil Rebecca Nupp Karen Dyer University of South Florida, Tampa Given the well-documented underrepresentation of ethnic participants in mainstream support groups and the disparity in breast cancer survivorship among ethnic minorities, the current proliferation of ethnic-specific cancer support groups is not surprising. This study employed qualitative and quantitative methods, including cultural consensus analysis, to examine core elements of breast cancer support group models among African-American, European American, and Latina women and describe the perceived role of support groups in the recovery experience. Results indicate a core cultural model of breast cancer support groups exists and the fundamental elements of peer support and encouragement, helping others, talking about worries/fears, staying active/involved, friendship/bonding, and learning from others are broadly shared across ethnically diverse communities. Elements distinctive to ethnic-specific self-help groups were also identified. Findings provide insight into factors motivating attendance and retention in support groups and may guide recommendations for better meeting the social support needs of culturally diverse patients. self-help group breast cancer Latina African American social support

Borkman, T. (1999). Understanding self-help/mutual aid: Experiential learning in the commons. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Bottomley, A. (1997). Cancer support groups: Are they effective? European Journal of Cancer Care, 6(1), 11-17.

Burhansstipanov, L., Gilbert, A., LaMarca, K., & Krebs, L. (2001). An innovative path to improving cancer care in Indian Country. Public Health Reports, 116(September-October), 424-433.

Coreil, J., Corvin, J., Nupp, R., Dyer, K., & Noble, C. (2012). Ethnicity and cultural models of recovery from breast cancer. Ethnic Health, (Oct 20), p. 17.

Coreil, J., Wilke, J., & Pintado, I. (2004). Cultural models of illness and recovery in breast cancer support groups. Qualitative Health Research, 14(7), 905-923.

Cunningham, G. B. (2005). The importance of common in-group identity in ethnically diverse groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 9(4), 251-260.

Dressler, W. W. (2005). Measuring cultural consonance: Examples with special reference to measurement theory in anthropology. Field Methods, 17(4), 331-355.

Erwin, D. (Ed.). (2008). The witness project: Narratives that shape the cancer experience for African-American women. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press.

Gibson, L., & Hendricks, C. (2006). Integrative review of spirituality in African American cancer survivors. The ABNF Journal, 17(2), 67-71.

Grande, G. E., Myers, L. B., & Sutton, G. C. (2006). How do patients who participate in cancer support groups differ from those who do not? Psycho-Oncology, 15, 231-234.

Henderson, J. N., Gutierrez-Mayka, M., Garcia, J., & Boyd, S. (1993). A model for Alzheimer's disease support group development in African-American and Hispanic populations. The Gerontologist, 33(3), 409-414.

Humphreys, K., & Woods, M. D. (1994). Researching mutual-help group participation in a segregated society. In T. J. Powell (Ed.), Understanding the self-help organization: Frameworks and findings (pp. 62-87). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Janz, N. K., Mujahid, M. S., Hawley, S. T., Griggs, J. J., Hamilton, A. S., & Katz, S. J. (2008). Racial/ethnic differences in adequacy of information and support for women with breast cancer. CANCER, 113(5), 1058-1067.

Kagawa-Singer, M. (Ed.). (2008). Where is culture in cultural tailoring? Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.

Kempton, W., Boster, J., & Hartley, J. (1995). Environmental values in American culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Kennedys, M., & Humphreys, K. (1994). Understanding worldview transformations in members of mutual help groups. In F. Lavoie, T. Borkman, & B. Gidron (Eds.), Self-help and mutual aid groups: International and multi-cultural perspectives (pp. 181-198). New York, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc.

Kessler, R. C., Mickelson, K. D., & Zhao, S. (1997). Patterns and correlates of self-help group membership in the United States. Social Policy, Spring, (27), 27-46.

Klemm, P., Bunnell, D., Cullen, M., Soneji, R., Gibbons, P., & Holecek, A. (2003). Online cancer support groups: A review of the research literature. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 21(3), 136-142.

Levanthal, H., Brissette, I., & Leventhal, E. (Eds.). (2003). The common-sense model of self-regulation of health and illness. London, UK: Routledge.

Levine, E. G., Yoo, G., Aviv, C., Ewing, C., & Au, A. (2007). Ethnicity and spirituality in breast cancer survivors. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 1(3), 212-225.

Levine, M. (1988). An analysis of mutual assistance. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(2), 167-188.

Lieberman, M. A., & Goldstein, B. A. (2006). Not all negative emotions are equal: The role of emotional expression in online support groups for women with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 15(2), 160-168.

Luke, D. A., Roberts, L., & Rappaport, J. (1993). Individual, group context, and individual-group fit predictors of self-help group attendance. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 29(2), 216-238.

Marmarosh, C. L., & Corazzini, J. G. (1997). Putting the group in your pocket: Using collective identity to enhance personal and collective self-esteem. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 1(1), 65-74.

Matthews, H. (2000). Negotiating cultural consensus in a breast cancer self-help group. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 14(3), 394-413.

Matthews, H. (2008). Cancer support groups and health advocacy: One size doesn't fit all. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press.

Michalec, B., Van Willigen, M., Wilson, K., Schreier, A., & Williams, S. (2004). The race gap in support group participation by breast cancer survivors: Real or artifact? Evaluation Review, 28(2), 123-143.

Nápoles-Springer, A., Ortíz, C., O'Brien, H., Díaz-Méndez, M., & Pérez-Stable, E. (2007). Use of cancer support groups among Latina breast cancer survivors. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 1(3), 193-204.

Newman, L. A., & Jackson, K. (2003). Breast cancer in African American women: The evolution of the Sisters Network, Inc., a national African American breast cancer survivorship advocate organization. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly, 14(2), 122-124.

Owen, J. E., Goldstein, M. S., Lee, J. H., Breen, N., & Rowland, J. H. (2007). Use of health-related and cancer-specific support groups among adult cancer survivors. CANCER, 109(12), 2580-2589.

Rappaport, J. (2000). Community narratives: Tales of terror and joy. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 1-2.

Rapping, E. (1997). There's self-help and then there's self-help: Women and the recovery movement. Social Policy, Spring, 56-61.

Riessman, F. (1997). Ten self-help principles. Social Policy, 27(3), 6-11.

Romney, A. K. (1999). Culture consensus as a statistical model. Current Anthropology, 40(Suppl.), S103-S115.

Romney, A. K., Moore, C. C., Batchelder, W., & Hsia, T. (2000). Statistical methods for characterizing similarities and differences between semantic structures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 518-523.

Romney, A. K., Weller, S. C., & Batchelder, W. (1986). Culture as consensus: A theory of cultural and informant accuracy. American Anthropologist, 88, 313-339.

Scott Smith, C., Morris, M., Hill, W., Francovish, C., McMillin, J., Chavez, L., et al. (2004). Cultural consensus analysis as a tool for clinic improvements. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 514-518.

Stevens, M. J., & Duttlinger, J. E. (1998). Correlates of participation in a breast cancer support group. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45(3), 263-275.

Ussher, J., Kirsten, L., Butow, P., & Sandoval, M. (2006). What do cancer support groups provide which other supportive relationships do not? The experience of peer support groups for people with cancer. Social Science & Medicine, 62, 2565-2576.

Ussher, J., Kirsten, L., Sandoval, M., & Butow, P. (2008). A qualitative analysis of reasons for leaving, or not attending, a cancer support group. Social Work in Health Care, 47(1), 1-16.

Weller, S. C., & Romney, A. K. (1988). Systematic data analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.