10.2190/SH.8.1.j 8V550988654V758P 10 Long-Term Changes among Participants in a Men's Mutual-Help Organization 85 112 20140304 20140304 20140304 20140304 8V550988654V758P.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=8V550988654V758P 1 Kenneth I. Maton Eric S. Mankowski Clinton W. Anderson Edward R. Barton David R. Karp Björn Ratjen University of Maryland Baltimore County Portland State University, Oregon American Psychological Association, Washington, DC Michigan State University, East Lansing Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York ManKind Project of Canada West, Ltd. This article presents findings from a longitudinal study of participants in the ManKind Project, International (MKP-I), a mutual help and personal development organization for men. The study tests whether gender role conflict and other gendered beliefs, psychological well-being, social support, and goal importance and satisfaction improve over the 2-year period of observation. Participants (n = 293) from local centers across the United States and Canada were surveyed on five occasions over a 24-month period before, during, and in some cases after participation ended. As hypothesized, t-tests indicate that outcomes improved after the initial weekend of participation. Many of the initial changes endured across the entire 2-year follow-up period, though the survey response rate declined substantially over this time. MKP-I's self-selected participants may be enabled through self-help and mutual aid group processes to reduce adherence to traditional masculine gender role expectations and increase the meaning and psychological quality of their lives. men masculinity gender roles ManKind Project longitudinal evaluation

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