<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE Publisher PUBLIC "-//MetaPress//DTD MetaPress 2.0//EN" "http://public.metapress.com/dtd/MPRESS/MetaPressv2.dtd">
<Publisher>
	<PublisherInfo>
		<PublisherName>Baywood Publishing Company</PublisherName>
	</PublisherInfo>
	<Journal>
		<JournalInfo JournalType="Journals">
			<JournalPrintISSN>1938-4998</JournalPrintISSN>
			<JournalElectronicISSN>1938-5005</JournalElectronicISSN>
			<JournalTitle>Journal of Workplace Rights</JournalTitle>
			<JournalCode>BWWR</JournalCode>
			<JournalID>121043</JournalID>
			<JournalURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=journal&amp;id=121043</JournalURL>
		</JournalInfo>
		<Volume>
			<VolumeInfo>
				<VolumeNumber>13</VolumeNumber>
			</VolumeInfo>
			<Issue>
				<IssueInfo IssueType="Regular">
					<IssueNumberBegin>4</IssueNumberBegin>
					<IssueNumberEnd>4</IssueNumberEnd>
					<IssueSupplement>0</IssueSupplement>
					<IssuePartStart>0</IssuePartStart>
					<IssuePartEnd>0</IssuePartEnd>
					<IssueSequence>000013000420080101</IssueSequence>
					<IssuePublicationDate>
						<CoverDate Year="2008" Month="1" Day="1"/>
						<CoverDisplay>Number 4 / 2008</CoverDisplay>
					</IssuePublicationDate>
					<IssueID>J52NP7244625</IssueID>
					<IssueURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=issue&amp;id=J52NP7244625</IssueURL>
				</IssueInfo>
				<Article ArticleType="Original">
					<ArticleInfo Free="No" ESM="No">
						<ArticleDOI>10.2190/WR.13.4.b</ArticleDOI>
						<ArticlePII>21433687767M1TXM</ArticlePII>
						<ArticleSequenceNumber>2</ArticleSequenceNumber>
						<ArticleTitle Language="En">Those Same Old Prejudices? Gendered Experiences in the Science Workplace</ArticleTitle>
						<ArticleFirstPage>355</ArticleFirstPage>
						<ArticleLastPage>375</ArticleLastPage>
						<ArticleHistory>
							<RegistrationDate>20091119</RegistrationDate>
							<ReceivedDate>20091119</ReceivedDate>
							<Accepted>20091119</Accepted>
							<OnlineDate>20091119</OnlineDate>
						</ArticleHistory>
						<FullTextFileName>21433687767M1TXM.pdf</FullTextFileName>
						<FullTextURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&amp;id=21433687767M1TXM</FullTextURL>
						<Composite>4</Composite>
					</ArticleInfo>
					<ArticleHeader>
						<AuthorGroup>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Helen</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Hatchell</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Nado</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Aveling</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A1">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>School of Education, Murdoch University, Australia</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
						</AuthorGroup>
						<Abstract Language="En">As society continues to become more dependent on science and technology, the disparity between women and men in the sciences not only represents a waste of human capital but is also problematic in terms of principles of gender equity. Yet, despite more than three decades of equal opportunity legislation, women remain underrepresented in the public sphere, and this is particularly evident in the sciences. This article builds on earlier research and investigates some of the reasons for the continued gender imbalance in the sciences as more and more women eagerly enter the sciences, achieve academic success, and enroll as PhD students, but ultimately do not remain in their chosen scientific field. More specifically, we use &quot;storying&quot; as a way of presenting the doctoral experiences of several women who, despite the unambiguously gender-based harassment they experienced during the period of their candidature, have successfully completed their PhDs in the sciences in Australian universities. We particularly focus on the experiences of women who completed their PhDs in 2007 and 2008. Their story shows how, as a direct consequence of their experiences, these women left their chosen research areas because they felt that they had little or no choice. Given the extant literature (see, for example, Gutek, 1985; Linehan, 2000; Sappleton &amp; Takruri-Rizk 2008; Wirth, 2001), we suggest that their stories are not idiosyncratic but are illustrative of more general and widespread societal positions and concerns. Thus we argue that if the problem of women's underrepresentation in the sciences is to be addressed, we need to look to the masculinist culture of organizations as an explanatory factor. We conclude that it is organizational culture that needs to change and suggest that while antidiscriminatory legislation is important, it is not adequate to address both overt and covert discrimination in the workplace.</Abstract>
						<biblist>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="1">Amancio, L. 2005. Reflections on science as a gendered endeavour: Changes and continuities. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Social Science Information&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 44(1): 65-83.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="2">APESMA. 2007. Women in the professions survey report 2007. Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers, Australia. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.apesma.asn.au/women/survey/women_in_the_professions_2007.pdf'&gt;http://www.apesma.asn.au/women/survey/women_in_the_professions_2007.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="3">APESMA. 2009. Industrial services: Providing special representation. Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers, Australia. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.apesma.asn.au/services/industrial.asp#treatment'&gt;http://www.apesma.asn.au/services/industrial.asp#treatment&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="4">Australian Government. 2008. Higher education statistics collection. Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.dest.gov.au/sectors/higher_education/publications_resources/statistics/publications_higher_education_statistics_collections.htm#studpubs'&gt;http://www.dest.gov.au/sectors/higher_education/publications_resources/statistics/publications_higher_education_statistics_collections.htm#studpubs&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="5">Aveling, N. 2002. &quot;Having it all&quot; and the discourse of equal opportunity: Reflections on choices and changing perceptions. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 14: 265-280.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="6">Bagilhole, B. 2000. Too little too late? An assessment of national initiatives for women academics in the British university system. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Higher Education in Europe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 25(2): 139-145.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="7">Barres, B. 2006. Does gender matter? &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nature&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 442: 133-136.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="8">Bennington, L., &amp; Wein, R. 2000. Anti-discrimination legislation in Australia: Fair, effective, efficient or irrelevant? &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Journal of Manpower&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 21: 21-33.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="9">Benschop, Y., &amp; Doorewaard, H. 1998. Covered by equality: The gender subtext of organizations. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Organization Studies&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 19: 787-805.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="10">Blickenstaff, J. C. 2005. Women and science careers: Leaky pipeline or gender filter? &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 17: 369-386.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="11">Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. 2007. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Beyond bias and barriers: Fulfilling the potential of women in academic science and engineering.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Washington, DC: National Academies Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="12">Connell, R. 1987. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and power.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Sydney, Australia: Allen &amp; Unwin.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="13">Crotty, M. 1996. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Phenomenology and nursing research.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; South Melbourne, Australia: Churchill Livingston.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="14">Crotty, M. 1998. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Sydney, Australia: Allen &amp; Unwin.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="15">de Carteret, P. 2008. Storytelling as research praxis, and conversations that enabled it to emerge. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 21: 235-249.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="16">de Freitas, E. 2008. Mathematics and its other: (Dis)locating the feminine. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 20: 281-290.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="17">Delamont, S. 2002. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fieldwork in educational settings: Methods, pitfalls and perspectives.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 2nd ed. London: Routledge.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="18">Denzin, N. 1997. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Interpretive ethnography: Ethnographic practices for the 21st century.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; London: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="19">Ehrich, L. 2008. Three P's for the mentoring of women educators: Purpose, power, propriety. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Redress&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 17(2): 31-36.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="20">Faulkner, W. 2001. The technology question in feminism:Aview from feminist technology studies. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Women's Studies International Forum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 24: 79-95.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="21">Frome, P., Alfeld, C., Eccles, J., &amp; Barber, B. 2006. Why don't they want a male-dominated job? An investigation of young women who changed their occupational aspirations. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Educational Research and Evaluation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 12: 359-372.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="22">Geertz, C. 1973. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The interpretation of cultures.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; New York: Basic Books.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="23">Gill, J., Mills, J., Franzway, S., &amp; Sharp, R. 2008. &quot;Oh you must be very clever!&quot; Highachieving women, professional power and the ongoing negotiations of workplace identity. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 20: 223-236.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="24">Goldberg, C. 2007. Why aren't more women in science? Top researchers debate the evidence. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Science News&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 171(12): 191.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="25">Grbich, C. 2007. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Qualitative data analysis: An introduction.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; London: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="26">Gutek, B. 1985. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sex and the workplace: The impact of sexual behaviour and harassment on women, men and organizations.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="27">Hatchell, H. 1998. Girls' entry into higher secondary sciences. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 10: 375-386.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="28">Head, J. 1985. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The personal response to science.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="29">Holstein, J., &amp; Gubrium, J. 1994. Phenomenology, ethnomethodology, and interpretive practice. In N. Denzin &amp; Y. Lincoln (Eds.), &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Handbook of qualitative research:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 262-272. London: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="30">Jones, R. 2005. How many female scientists do you know? &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Endeavour&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 29(2): 84-88.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="31">Jordan, G., &amp; Weedon, G. 1995. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cultural politics: Class, gender, race and the postmodern world.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Oxford: Blackwell.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="32">Kelly, A. 1981. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The missing half: Girls and science education.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="33">Kelly, D. 2006. WorkChoices and workplace bullying: More disadvantages for women workers under the new legislation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Illawarra Unity: Journal of the Illawarra Branch of the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 6(2): 32-48.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="34">Linehan, M. 2000. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Senior female international managers: Why so few?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="35">Nicholls, H. 2005. Shaving the beard from the face of science. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Endeavour&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 29(2): 49.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="36">O'Brien, J. 1998. Introduction: Differences and inequalities. In J. O'Brien &amp; J. Howard (Eds.), &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Everyday inequalities: Critical inquiries:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 1-39. Malden, MA: Blackwell.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="37">Patton, M. 1990. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Qualitative evaluation and research methods.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 2nd ed. London: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="38">Peterson, E. 2007. A day at the office at the University of Borderville: An ethnographic short story. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 20: 173-189.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="39">Povey, H., Angier, C., &amp; Clarke, M. 2006. Storying Joanne, an undergraduate mathematician. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 18: 459-471.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="40">Preston, A. 2004. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Leaving science: Occupational exit from scientific careers.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; New York: Russell Sage Foundation.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="41">Prokos, A., &amp; Padavic, I. 2005. An examination of competing explanations for the pay gap among scientists and engineers. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gender and Society&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 19: 523-543.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="42">Rosser, S. 2004. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The science glass ceiling: Academic women scientists and the struggle to succeed.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; New York: Routledge.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="43">Sappleton, N., &amp; Takruri-Rizk, H. 2008. The gender subtext of science, engineering and technology (SET) organizations: A review and critique. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Women's Studies&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 37: 284-316.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="44">Settles, I., Cortina, L., Malley, J., &amp; Stewart, A. 2006. The climate for women in academic science: The good, the bad, and the changeable. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Psychology of Women Quarterly&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 30: 47-58.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="45">Simon, R. 2006. Closing the gender gap. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;ASEE Prism&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 16(1): 92.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="46">Soe, L., &amp; Yakura, E. 2008. What's wrong with the pipeline? Assumptions about gender and culture in IT work. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Women's Studies&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 37: 176-201.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="47">Strachan, G., Burgess, J., &amp; Sullivan, A. 2004. Affirmative action or managing diversity: What is the future of equal opportunity policies in organisations? &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Women in Management Review&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 19: 196-204.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="48">Stroobants, V. 2005. Stories about learning in narrative biographical research. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 18: 47-61.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="49">White, K. 2003. Women and leadership in higher education in Australia. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tertiary Education and Management&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 9: 45-60.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="50">Wirth, L. 2001. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Breaking through the glass ceiling: Women in management.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Geneva: International Labour Office.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="51">Yates, L. 1993. What happens when feminism is an agenda of the state? Feminist theory and the case of education policy in Australia. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 14: 17-29.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
						</biblist>
					</ArticleHeader>
				</Article>
			</Issue>
		</Volume>
	</Journal>
</Publisher>
