<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE Publisher PUBLIC "-//MetaPress//DTD MetaPress 2.0//EN" "http://public.metapress.com/dtd/MPRESS/MetaPressv2.dtd">
<Publisher>
	<PublisherInfo>
		<PublisherName>Baywood Publishing Company</PublisherName>
	</PublisherInfo>
	<Journal>
		<JournalInfo JournalType="Journals">
			<JournalPrintISSN>1938-4998</JournalPrintISSN>
			<JournalElectronicISSN>1938-5005</JournalElectronicISSN>
			<JournalTitle>Journal of Workplace Rights</JournalTitle>
			<JournalCode>BWWR</JournalCode>
			<JournalID>121043</JournalID>
			<JournalURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=journal&amp;id=121043</JournalURL>
		</JournalInfo>
		<Volume>
			<VolumeInfo>
				<VolumeNumber>14</VolumeNumber>
			</VolumeInfo>
			<Issue>
				<IssueInfo IssueType="Regular">
					<IssueNumberBegin>3</IssueNumberBegin>
					<IssueNumberEnd>3</IssueNumberEnd>
					<IssueSupplement>0</IssueSupplement>
					<IssuePartStart>0</IssuePartStart>
					<IssuePartEnd>0</IssuePartEnd>
					<IssueSequence>000014000320090101</IssueSequence>
					<IssuePublicationDate>
						<CoverDate Year="2009" Month="1" Day="1"/>
						<CoverDisplay>Number 3 / 2009</CoverDisplay>
					</IssuePublicationDate>
					<IssueID>L614R0645M77</IssueID>
					<IssueURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=issue&amp;id=L614R0645M77</IssueURL>
				</IssueInfo>
				<Article ArticleType="Original">
					<ArticleInfo Free="No" ESM="No">
						<ArticleDOI>10.2190/WR.14.3.c</ArticleDOI>
						<ArticlePII>K7TH72P74U156454</ArticlePII>
						<ArticleSequenceNumber>3</ArticleSequenceNumber>
						<ArticleTitle Language="En">Developing a New Measure of Work Alienation</ArticleTitle>
						<ArticleFirstPage>293</ArticleFirstPage>
						<ArticleLastPage>309</ArticleLastPage>
						<ArticleHistory>
							<RegistrationDate>20100927</RegistrationDate>
							<ReceivedDate>20100927</ReceivedDate>
							<Accepted>20100927</Accepted>
							<OnlineDate>20100927</OnlineDate>
						</ArticleHistory>
						<FullTextFileName>K7TH72P74U156454.pdf</FullTextFileName>
						<FullTextURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&amp;id=K7TH72P74U156454</FullTextURL>
						<Composite>3</Composite>
					</ArticleInfo>
					<ArticleHeader>
						<AuthorGroup>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Nisha</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Nair</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Author AffiliationID="A2">
								<GivenName>Neharika</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Vohra</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A1">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>Indian Institute of Management Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A2">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
						</AuthorGroup>
						<Abstract Language="En">There is limited research on work alienation in contemporary management studies. One of the possible reasons is the lack of a parsimonious and validated measure of work alienation. The present study reports the construction and evaluation of a new scale for measuring work alienation, in the interest of facilitating further research in this area and aiding the detection and assessment of worker alienation, providing cues to which management should pay attention for any consequent correction, if needed. In Study 1, we developed an initial scale in order to assess the construct and administered it to 99 management executives in India. Exploratory factor analysis led to a revised unidimensional scale, which was then administered to a second sample. In Study 2 (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 371), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and the reliability and validity of the scale was assessed. The results indicate good psychometric properties for the newly developed measure of work alienation, providing a robust measure for its use in testing worker alienation and facilitating any required correction to ensure enhanced employee well-being.</Abstract>
						<biblist>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="1">Aiken, M., &amp; Hage, J. 1966. Organizational alienation: A comparative analysis. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Sociological Review&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 31(4): 497-507.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="2">Allen, N. J., &amp; Meyer, J. P. 1990. Measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Occupational Psychology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 63: 1-18.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="3">Banai, M., &amp; Reisel, W. D. 2007. The influence of supportive leadership and job characteristics on work alienation: A six-country investigation. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of World Business&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 42: 463-476.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="4">Banai, M., Reisel, W. D., &amp; Probst, T. M. 2004. A managerial and personal control model: Predictions of work alienation and organizational commitment in Hungary. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of International Management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 10: 375-392.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="5">Baxter, B. 1982. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alienation and authenticity: Some consequences for organized work.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; London: Tavistock Publications.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="6">Bentler, P. M. 1992. On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Psychological Bulletin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 112: 400-404.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="7">Blauner, R. 1964. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alienation and freedom.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="8">Bollen, K. A. 1989. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Structural equations with latent variables.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Wiley.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="9">Bratton, J., Callinan, M., Forshaw, C., &amp; Sawchuk, P. 2007. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Work and organizational behavior: Understanding the workplace.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="10">Briggs, S., &amp; Cheek, J. 1986. The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Personality&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 54: 106-148.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="11">Bröder, A. 1998. Deception can be acceptable. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Psychologist&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 53(7): 805-806.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="12">Browne, M. W., &amp; Cudeck, R. 1993. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen &amp; J. S. Long (Eds.), &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Testing structural equation models:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; 445-455. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="13">Dean, D. G. 1961. Alienation: Its meaning and measurement. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Sociological Review&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 5: 753-758.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="14">DiPietro, R. B., &amp; Pizam, A. 2008. Employee alienation in the quick service restaurant industry. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 32: 22-39.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="15">Durkheim, E. 1947. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Division of labour in society&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (G. Simpson, Trans.). Glencoe, IL: Free Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="16">Etzioni, A. 1961. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;A comparative analysis of complex organizations: On power, involvement and their correlates.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Free Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="17">Fairlie, P., &amp; Flett, G. L. 2004. The existential meaning of work inventory: Development and initial validation. Paper presented at the 112th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, Hawaii.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="18">Finifter, A. W. (Ed.). 1972. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alienation and the social system.&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/i&gt; London: John Wiley &amp; Sons.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="19">Fornell, C., &amp; Larcker, D. F. 1981. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Marketing Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 18(1): 39-50.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="20">Fried, J., Weitman, M., &amp; Davis, M. K. 1972. Man-machine interaction and absenteeism. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Applied Psychology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 56(5): 428-429.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="21">Fromm, E. 1955. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;The sane society.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Rinehart.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="22">Gallagher, D., Ting, L., &amp; Palmer, A. 2008. A journey into the unknown: Taking the fear out of structural equation modeling with AOMS for the first-time user. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Marketing Review&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 8(3): 255-275.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="23">Gerth, H. H., &amp; Mills, C. W. 1946. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;From Weber: Essays in sociology.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Oxford University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="24">Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., &amp; Black, W. C. 2003. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Multivariate data analysis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (5th ed.). New Delhi, India: Pearson Education.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="25">Hall, R. H. 1994. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sociology of work.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; London: Pine Forge Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="26">Hinkin, T. R. 1995. A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 21(5): 967-988.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="27">Hirschfeld, R. R., &amp; Feild, H. S. 2000. Work centrality and work alienation: Distinct aspects of a general commitment to work. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Organizational Behavior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 21: 789-800.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="28">Horowitz, I. L. 1966. On alienation and the social order. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Philosophy and Phenomenological Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 27(2): 230-237.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="29">Hu, L., &amp; Bentler, P. M. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Structural Equation Modeling&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 6(1): 1-55.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="30">Johnson, F. (Ed.). 1973. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alienation: Concept, term, and meanings.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Seminar Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="31">Kanungo, R. N. 1979. The concepts of alienation and involvement revisited. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Psychological Bulletin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 86(1): 119-138.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="32">Kanungo, R. N. 1982. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Work alienation: An integrative approach.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Praeger Publishers.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="33">Kimmel, A. J. 1998. In defense of deception. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Psychologist&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 53(7): 803-805.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="34">Kohn. M. L. 1976. Occupational structure and alienation. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Journal of Sociology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 82(1): 111-130.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="35">Korman, A. K., Wittig-Berman, U., &amp; Lang, D. 1981. Career success and personal failure: Alienation in professionals and managers. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Academy of Management Journal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 24(2): 342-360.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="36">Kron, J. H. 1998. The reality of deception. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Psychologist&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 53(7): 805.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="37">Lang, D. 1985. Preconditions for three types of alienation in young managers and professionals. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Occupational Behavior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 6: 171-182.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="38">Maddi, S. R., Kobasa, S. C., &amp; Hoover, M. 1979. The alienation test. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Humanistic Psychology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 19: 73-76.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="39">Marsh, H. W., Hau, K., &amp; Wen, Z. 2004. In search of golden rules: Comment in hypothesis testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in over-generalizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Structural Equation Modeling&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 11: 320-341.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="40">Marx, K. 1932. Economic and philosophical manuscripts. In &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Marx-Engels Gesamtuasgabe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 3. Berlin, Germany: Marx-Engels Institute. (Originally published 1844.)</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="41">Maslow, A. H. 1970. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Motivation and personality&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Row.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="42">Miller, G. A. 1967. Professionals in bureaucracy: Alienation among industrial scientists and engineers. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Sociological Review&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 32(5): 755-768.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="43">Mottaz, C. J. 1981. Some determinants of work alienation. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sociological Quarterly&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 22: 515-529.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="44">Mowday, R., Steers, R., &amp; Porter, L. 1979. The measurement of organizational commitment. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Vocational Behavior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 14: 224-247.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="45">Muliak, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., &amp; Stilwell, C. D. 1989. Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Psychological Bulletin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 5(3): 430-455.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="46">Nair, N., &amp; Vohra, N. 2009. The concept of work alienation: Towards conceptual clarity. Paper presented at Academy of Management Conference, Chicago.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="47">Nair, N., &amp; Vohra, N. 2010. An exploration of factors predicting work alienation of knowledge workers. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Management Decision&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, in press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="48">Overend, T. 1975. Alienation: A conceptual analysis. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Philosophy and Phenomenological Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 35(3): 301-322.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="49">Roberts, B. R. 1987. A confirmatory factor-analytic model of alienation. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Social Psychology Quarterly&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 50: 346-351.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="50">Robinson, J. P., Athanasiou, R., &amp; Head, K. B. 1969. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Measures of occupational attitudes and occupational characteristics.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Ann Arbor, MI: Institute of Social Research.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="51">Sarros, J. C., Tanewski, G. A., Winter, R. P., Santora, J. C., &amp; Densten, I. L. 2002. Work alienation and organizational leadership. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;British Journal of Management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 13: 285-304.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="52">Schabracq, M., &amp; Cooper, C. 2003. To be me or not to be me: About alienation. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Counselling Psychology Quarterly&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 16 (2): 53-79.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="53">Schacht, R. 1970. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alienation.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Garden City, NY: Doubleday.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="54">Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., &amp; Muller, H. 2003. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods of Psychological Research Online&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 8(2): 23-74.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="55">Seeman, M. 1959. On the meaning of alienation. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Sociological Review&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 24(6): 783-791.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="56">Seeman, M. 1967. On the personal consequences of alienation in work. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;American Sociological Review&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 32(2): 273-285.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="57">Seeman, M. 1975. Alienation studies. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Annual Review of Sociology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 1: 91-123.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="58">Seybolt, J. W., &amp; Gruenfeld, L. 1976. The discriminant validity of work alienation and work satisfaction measures. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Occupational Psychology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 49: 193-202.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="59">Shepard, J. M. 1977. Technology, alienation and satisfaction. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Annual Review of Sociology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 3: 1-21.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="60">Suarez-Mendoza, M. J., &amp; Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, P. 2007. The impact of work alienation on organizational citizenship behavior in the Canary Islands. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;International Journal of Organizational Analysis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 15: 56-76.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="61">Swailes, S. 2002. Organizational commitment: A critique of the construct and measures. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;International Journal of Management Reviews&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 4(2): 155-178.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="62">Wallace, T. 2006. &quot;Working of the train gang&quot;: Alienation, liminality and communitas in the UK preserved railway sector. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;International Journal of Heritage Studies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 12(3): 218-233.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="63">Watson, T. J. 2003. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sociology, work and industry&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (4th ed.). London: Routledge.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="64">Roosevelt, E. 1959c. My day, June 23. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1959&amp;_f=md004465'&gt;www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1959&amp;_f=md004465&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="65">Roosevelt, E. 1959d. My day, October 28. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1959&amp;_f'&gt;www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1959&amp;_f&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="66">Roosevelt, E. 1961a. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Autobiography.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; New York: Harper, 1961.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="67">Roosevelt, E. 1961b. Speech. Proceedings of the AFL-CIO Fourth Constitutional Convention, Miami, FL, December 1-6., George Meany Memorial Archives, National Labor College, Silver Spring, MD.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="68">Roosevelt, E. 1962. My day, April 16. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1962&amp;_f=md005095'&gt;www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1962&amp;_f=md005095&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="69">Schmitt, J. 2008a. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unions and upward mobility for African American workers.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="70">Schmitt, J. 2008b. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unions and upward mobility for Latino workers.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="71">Schmitt, J. 2008c. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unions and upward mobility for women workers.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="72">Schneiderman, R. 1948. Letter to Eleanor Roosevelt. December 15. File Schneiderman, Rose 1947-52, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, Hyde Park, NY.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="73">Sender, T. 1947. Further report on trade union rights. October 31. Folder 1947-49, Box 13, Tony Sender Papers. Wisconsin Historical Society.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="74">Sender, T. 1992. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rebel, democrat, world citizen.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Frankfurt: Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="75">Stein, S. 2009. Bailout recipients hosted call to defeat key labor bill. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/27/bank-of-america-hosted-an_n_161248.html'&gt;www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/27/bank-of-america-hosted-an_n_161248.html&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="76">Sullivan, J. P. 1941. Leviton strikers get hope from Mrs. Roosevelt. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, March: 126, 160.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="77">United Nations. 1946. Press release. February 27. Archives and Records Management Section, United Nations, New York.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="78">United Nations. 1948a. Economic and Social Council Summary Record, E/CN.4/SR.66. June 14. Archives and Records Management Section, United Nations, New York.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="79">United Nations. 1948b. Human Rights Commission Third Session, E/CN.4/SR.64. June 17. Archives and Records Management Section, United Nations, New York.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="80">U. S. Department of Labor. 1995. Report and recommendations of the Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.dol.gov/_sec/media/reports/dunlop/dunlop.htm'&gt;www.dol.gov/_sec/media/reports/dunlop/dunlop.htm&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="81">U. S. Department of Labor. 2010. Union members summary. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm'&gt;www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="82">Woll, M. 1946. Letter to Eleanor Roosevelt. November 27. File UNGC, W-A, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, Hyde Park, NY.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="83">World Federation of Trade Unions. 1945. February 5-17. World Trade Union Conference Declarations. IUE Papers, Box 75, Folder 39. Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries, Rutgers, NJ.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="84">WTUL Life and Labor Bulletin. 1946. Reel 1, June 5. Microfilm edition, 1981. Cecil H. Green Library, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="85">Zullo, R. 2008. Union membership and political inclusion. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Industrial and Labor Relations Review&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 62: 22-38.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
						</biblist>
					</ArticleHeader>
				</Article>
			</Issue>
		</Volume>
	</Journal>
</Publisher>
