10.2190/WR.16.1.d K7K33R7763136041 4 Public Service as a Calling: Reflections, Retreat, Revival, Resolve 47 61 20120810 20120810 20120810 20120810 K7K33R7763136041.pdf http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=K7K33R7763136041 1 James S. Bowman Florida State University, Tallahassee A nascent interest in work as a vocation—a profound source of life meaning and human dignity—may be emerging today. This impending change is discussed by focusing on "calling"—that wonder from antiquity—which commands conviction and commitment in service to the public. The nature of calling, its retreat, the possibilities for its revival, and the need for resolve are examined in seeking lives of significance.

Adams, W., & Infeld, L. 2009. Surprising majority of Americans endorse careers in government. PA Times, 32(7): 1-2.

Bellah, R., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W., Swindler, A., & Tipton, S. 1985. Habits of the heart: Individuals and commitment in American life. New York: Harper & Row.

Berman, E., Bowman, J., West, J., & van Wart, M. 2012. Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bilmes, L., & Gould W. 2009. The people factor: Strengthening America by investing in public service. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

Bockel, J., & Noordegraaf, M. 2006. Identifying identities: Performance-driven, but professional managers. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19: 585-597.

Bowman, J., & West, J. (Eds.). 2007. American public service: Radical reform and the merit system. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Bowman, J., & West, J. 2009. To "re-Hatch" public employees or not? An ethical analysis of the relaxation of restrictions on political activities in civil service. Public Administration Review, 69: 52-62.

Bowman, J., & West, J. 2011. The profession of public administration: Promise, problems and prospects. In D. Menzel & H. White (Eds.), The state of public administration: Issues, challenges, opportunities: 25-35. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Brereton, M., & Temple, M. 1999. The new public service ethos: An ethical environment for governance. Public Administration, 77: 455-474.

Buechner, G. 1973. Wishful thinking: A theological ABC. New York: Harper & Row.

Bunderson, J., & Thompson, J. 2009. The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54: 32-57.

Ciulla, J. 2000. The working life: The promise and betrayal of modern work. New York: Three Rivers Press.

Cohen, J., & Rucker, P. 2010. Polls find most Americans are unhappy with government. Washington Post, February 11: A3.

Colozzi, E., & Colozzi, L. 2000. College students' callings and careers: An integrated values-oriented perspective. In D. Luzzo (Ed.), Career counseling of college students: An empirical guide to strategies that work: 63-91. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Davidson, J. 2009. Government gets high marks from student job seekers. Washington Post, January 15.

Denhardt, J., & Denhardt, R. 2007. The new public service: Serving, not steering. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Dobel, P. 2005. Management as ethics. In E. Ferlie, E. Lynn, & C. Pollitt (Eds.), Oxford handbook of public management: 156-178. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dobrow, S. n.d. Extreme subjective career success: A new integrated view of having a calling. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University Business School.

Donkin, R. 2001. Blood, sweat, and tears: The evolution of work. New York: Texere.

Frederickson, H. 1997. The spirit of public administration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Frederickson, H., & Hart, D. 2000. The public service and the patriotism of benevolence. In M. Holzer (Ed.), Public service: Callings, commitments, and contributions: 151-164. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Gardner, H., Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Damon, W. 2001. Good work: When excellence and ethics meet. New York: Basic Books.

Goldin, C., & Katz. L. 2008. Transitions: Career and family life cycles of the educational elite. American Economic Review, 98: 363-369.

Goodsell, C. 2006. A new vision for public administration. Public Administration Review, 66: 623-635.

Guiness, O. 1998. The call: Finding and fulfilling the central purpose in your life. Nashville, TN: Word Publishing.

Hacker, J. 2006. The great risk shift. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hall, D., & Chandler, D. 2005. Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26: 155-176.

Hardy, L. 1990. The fabric of this world: Inquiries into callings, career choice, and the design of human work. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.

Hebson, G., Grimshaw, D., & Marchington, M. 2003. PPPs and the changing public sector ethos: Case-study evidence from the health and local authority sectors. Work, Employment, and Society, 17: 481-501.

Hyde, L. (Ed.) 2002. The essays of Henry D. Thoreau. New York: Northpoint Press.

Ingraham, P. 2007. Who should rule? In D. Rosenbloom & H. McCurdy (Eds.), Revisiting Waldo's administrative state: Constancy and change in public administration: 71-84. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Ingraham, P., & Rosenbloom, D. 2000. Political foundations of the American federal service: Rebuilding a crumbling base. In M. Holzer (Ed.), Public service: Callings, commitments, and contributions: 381-401. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Jurkieweiz, C. 2000. Generation X and the public employee. Public Personnel Management, 29: 55-74.

Kamensky, J. 2008. Performance advice for Obama administration. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href='http://transition2008.wordpress.com/2008/12/05/'>http://transition2008.wordpress.com/2008/12/05/</a>

King, M. L., Jr. 1967. What is your life's blueprint? Speech, Barratt Junior High School, Philadelphia, PA. October 26.

LeVoy, G. 1997. Callings: Finding and following an authentic life. New York: Harmony Books.

Light, P. 2003. In search of public service. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

Light, P. 2008. A government ill executed: The depletion of the federal service. Public Administration Review, 67: 413-419.

Losey, S. 2009. Work-force survey. Federal Times, January 12: 6.

Marques, J., Dhiman, S., & King, R. 2007. Spirituality in the workplace: Why it matters and how to make it work for you. Fawnskin, CA: Personhood Press.

Martinez, R. 2009. The myth of the free market: The role of the state in a capitalist economy. Sterling, VA: Kumarian Press.

McSwite, O. 2002. Invitation to public administration. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Muirhead, R. 2004. Just work. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Neiman, M. 2000. Defending government: Why big government works. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Novak, M. 1996. Business as a calling: Work and the examined life. New York: Free Press.

O'Toole, B. 2006. The ideal of public service: Reflections on the higher civil service in Britain. London: Routledge.

O'Toole, B. 2007. The concept of public duty. In P. Barberis (Ed.), The civil service in an era of change: 82-94. Aldershot, UK: Dartmouth.

Pattakos, A. 2004. The search for meaning in government service. Public Administration Review, 64: 106-112.

Perry, J., & Hondeghem, A. (Eds.). 2008. Motivation in public management: The call of public service. New York: Oxford University Press.

PEW Research Center. 2010. Distrust, discontent, anger, and partisan rancor: The people and their government. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href='http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/606.pdf'>http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/606.pdf</a>

Placher, W. (Ed.). 2005. Callings: Twenty centuries of Christian wisdom on vocation. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.

Plant, J. 2009. Good work, honestly done: ASPA at 70. Public Administration Review, 69: 1040-1049.

Pollitt, C., & Bouckaert, G. 2004. Public management reform: A comparative analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pratchett, L., & Wingfield, M. 1996. Petty bureaucracy and woolly-minded liberalism? The changing ethos of local government officers. Public Administration, 74: 639-656.

Rosenburg, A. 2009. Polls find Uncle Sam's popularity up among job seekers. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href='http://www.govexec.com/oversight/2009/05/poll-finds-uncle-sams-popularity-up-among-job-seekers/29119/'>http://www.govexec.com/oversight/2009/05/poll-finds-uncle-sams-popularity-up-among-job-seekers/29119/</a>

Terry, L. 1990. Leadership in the administrative state: The concept of administrative conservatorship. Administration and Society, 21: 395-412.

Schorr, P. 1987. Public service as a calling: An exploration of the concept. International Journal of Public Administration, 10: 465-493.

Schwehn, M., & Bass, D. 2006. Leading lives that matter: What we should do and who we should be. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.

Shuurman, D. 2004. Vocation: Discerning our callings in life. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.

Steen, T., & Rutgers, M. 2009. There are always two sides to every coin: The upshot of an instrumental approach towards public service motivation and the oath of office. Paper presented at the International Public Service Motivation Research Conference, Indiana University, June 7-9.

Wamsley, G., Bacher, R, Goodsell, C., Kroneberg, P., Rohr, J., Stivers C., White, O., & Wolf, J. 1990. Refounding public administration. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Weber, M. 1991. From Max Weber: Essays in sociology. Oxford: Routledge.

Wrzesniewski, A. 1999. Jobs, careers, and callings: Work orientation and job transitions. Unpublished dissertation, University of Michigan.

Wrzesniewski, A. 2002. "It's not just a job": Shifting meanings of work in the wake of 9/11. Journal of Management Inquiry, 11: 230-234.