<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE Publisher PUBLIC "-//MetaPress//DTD MetaPress 2.0//EN" "http://public.metapress.com/dtd/MPRESS/MetaPressv2.dtd">
<Publisher>
	<PublisherInfo>
		<PublisherName>Baywood Publishing Company</PublisherName>
	</PublisherInfo>
	<Journal>
		<JournalInfo JournalType="Journals">
			<JournalPrintISSN>1938-4998</JournalPrintISSN>
			<JournalElectronicISSN>1938-5005</JournalElectronicISSN>
			<JournalTitle>Journal of Workplace Rights</JournalTitle>
			<JournalCode>BWWR</JournalCode>
			<JournalID>121043</JournalID>
			<JournalURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=journal&amp;id=121043</JournalURL>
		</JournalInfo>
		<Volume>
			<VolumeInfo>
				<VolumeNumber>16</VolumeNumber>
			</VolumeInfo>
			<Issue>
				<IssueInfo IssueType="Regular">
					<IssueNumberBegin>2</IssueNumberBegin>
					<IssueNumberEnd>2</IssueNumberEnd>
					<IssueSupplement>0</IssueSupplement>
					<IssuePartStart>0</IssuePartStart>
					<IssuePartEnd>0</IssuePartEnd>
					<IssueSequence>000016000220110101</IssueSequence>
					<IssuePublicationDate>
						<CoverDate Year="2011" Month="1" Day="1"/>
						<CoverDisplay>Number 2 / 2011-2012</CoverDisplay>
					</IssuePublicationDate>
					<IssueID>WQ0G33784246</IssueID>
					<IssueURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=issue&amp;id=WQ0G33784246</IssueURL>
				</IssueInfo>
				<Article ArticleType="Original">
					<ArticleInfo Free="No" ESM="No">
						<ArticleDOI>10.2190/WR.16.2.g</ArticleDOI>
						<ArticlePII>F05W5431694T6166</ArticlePII>
						<ArticleSequenceNumber>7</ArticleSequenceNumber>
						<ArticleTitle Language="En">The Spirit of Rapitalism: Artistic Labor Practices in Chicago's Hip-Hop Underground</ArticleTitle>
						<ArticleFirstPage>251</ArticleFirstPage>
						<ArticleLastPage>270</ArticleLastPage>
						<ArticleHistory>
							<RegistrationDate>20130116</RegistrationDate>
							<ReceivedDate>20130116</ReceivedDate>
							<Accepted>20130116</Accepted>
							<OnlineDate>20130116</OnlineDate>
						</ArticleHistory>
						<FullTextFileName>F05W5431694T6166.pdf</FullTextFileName>
						<FullTextURL>http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&amp;id=F05W5431694T6166</FullTextURL>
						<Composite>2</Composite>
					</ArticleInfo>
					<ArticleHeader>
						<AuthorGroup>
							<Author AffiliationID="A1">
								<GivenName>Geoff</GivenName>
								<Initials/>
								<FamilyName>Harkness</FamilyName>
								<Degrees/>
								<Roles/>
							</Author>
							<Affiliation AFFID="A1">
								<OrgDivision/>
								<OrgName>Northwestern University in Qatar</OrgName>
								<OrgAddress/>
							</Affiliation>
						</AuthorGroup>
						<Abstract Language="En">This article investigates artistic labor and its relationship to hip-hop culture in Chicago's underground rap music scene. To be a rapper is to work: writing and recording songs, performing on stage and in music videos, and promoting and networking via the Internet or in person. Drawing upon studies of artistic labor practices, I explore the content and character of this work, the centrality of the work ethic to identity construction, and the way rappers use work to build and maintain status, authenticity, and a &quot;spirit of rapitalism,&quot; the act of behaving in a thoroughly capitalist manner while maintaining a sense of street credibility. I also analyze the difficulties faced by the hip-hop laborer, including the pressure to commercialize, unpaid work, and balancing day jobs and family obligations with commitments to the music scene. I conclude by exploring the ramifications of these findings and offering suggestions for policy.</Abstract>
						<biblist>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="1">Böhm, S., &amp; Land, C. 2009. No measure for culture? Value in the new economy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Capital and Class&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 97: 75-98.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="2">Charnas, D. 2010. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The big payback: The history of the business of hip-hop.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; New York: New American Library.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="3">Condry, I. 2006. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hip hop Japan: Rap and the paths of cultural globalization.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Durham, NC: Duke University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="4">Eikhof, D. R., &amp; Haunschild, A. 2007. For art's sake! Artistic and economic logics in creative production. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Journal of Organizational Behavior&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 28: 523-538.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="5">Faulkner, R. R. 1971. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hollywood studio musicians: Their work and careers in the recording industry.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="6">Fitts, M. 2008. &quot;Drop it like it's hot&quot;: Culture industry laborers and their perspectives on rap music video production. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Meridians&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 8: 211-235.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="7">Florida, R. 2003. Cities and the creative class. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;City and Community&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 2: 3-19.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="8">Gorz, A. 1999. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reclaiming work: Beyond the wage-based society.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Oxford: Blackwell.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="9">Grazian, D. 2003. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Blue Chicago: The search for authenticity in urban blues clubs.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="10">Guetzkow, J. 2002. How the arts impact communities: An introduction to the literature on arts impact studies. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://princeton.edu/~artspol/workpap/WP20%20-%20Guetzkow.pdf'&gt;http://princeton.edu/~artspol/workpap/WP20%20-%20Guetzkow.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="11">Hesmondhalgh, D., &amp; Baker, S. 2010. &quot;A very complicated version of freedom&quot;: Conditions and experiences of creative labour in three cultural industries. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Poetics&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 38: 4-20.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="12">Hess, M. 2007. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Is hip hop dead? The past, present, and future of America's most wanted music.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Westport, CT: Praeger.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="13">Kot, G. 2006. Wilco, West will add local flavor. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-03-17/news/0603170126_1_lollapalooza-flaming-lips-man-u-chao'&gt;http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-03-17/news/0603170126_1_lollapalooza-flaming-lips-man-u-chao&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="14">Lamont, M. 2000. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The dignity of working men: Morality and the boundaries of race, class, and immigration.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="15">McLeod, K. 1999. Authenticity within hip-hop and other cultures threatened with assimilation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Journal of Communication&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 49: 134-150.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="16">Menger, P. 1999. Artistic labor markets and careers. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Annual Review of Sociology&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 25: 541-574.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="17">Neff, G., Wissinger, E., &amp; Zukin, S. 2005. Entrepreneurial labor among cultural producers: &quot;Cool&quot; jobs in &quot;hot&quot; industries. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Social Semiotics&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 15: 307-334.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="18">Ogbar, J. O. G. 2007. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hip-hop revolution: The culture and politics of rap.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="19">Peterson, R. A., &amp; Anand, N. 2004. The production of culture perspective. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Annual Review of Sociology&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 30: 311-334.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="20">Perry, I. 2004. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Prophets of the hood: Politics and poetics in hip hop.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Durham, NC: Duke University Press.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="21">Reeves, M. 2002. Measuring the economic and social impact of the arts: A review. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/documents/publications/340.pdf'&gt;http://artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/documents/publications/340.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="22">Rothfield, L., Coursey, D., Lee, S., Silver, D., &amp; Norris, W. 2007. Chicago Music City: A report on the music industry in Chicago. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://culturalpolicy.uchicago.edu/publications/CMCFullReport.pdf'&gt;http://culturalpolicy.uchicago.edu/publications/CMCFullReport.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="23">Schor, J. B. 1991. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The overworked American: The unexpected decline of leisure.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; New York: Basic Books.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="24">Shorthose, J., &amp; Strange, G. 2004. The new cultural economy, the artist and the social configuration of autonomy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Capital and Class&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 84: 43-60.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="25">Smith, C. H. 2003. &quot;I don't like to dream about getting paid&quot;: Representations of social mobility and the emergence of the hip-hop mogul. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Social Text&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 21: 69-97.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="26">Toynbee, J. 2000. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Making popular music: Musicians, creativity and institutions.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; London: Arnold.</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
							<bib-other>
								<bibtext seqNum="27">Walter, K. 2010. Secrets of surviving an art commune: Westbeth at 40. Retrieved from &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href='http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_391/notebook.html'&gt;http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_391/notebook.html&lt;/a&gt;</bibtext>
							</bib-other>
						</biblist>
					</ArticleHeader>
				</Article>
			</Issue>
		</Volume>
	</Journal>
</Publisher>
