Study
|
Sample
|
Design
|
Treatment
|
Findings
|
|
| Bean et al. (2005) |
Dually diagnosed adolescents (N = 53) |
Pretest, posttest |
Intensive psychiatric residential treatment |
Reduction in anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, CD, ADHD symptoms. Significant improvement in family relationships and educational status |
| Clark et al. (2004) |
Troubled adolescents; 50% dually diagnosed (N = 109) |
Pretest, posttest |
Wilderness therapy |
Wilderness therapy improved scores of depressive affect, substance-abuse proneness, delinquent predisposition, and impulsive propensity |
| Grella et al. (2004) |
Adolescents with SUD; 62% dually diagnosed (majority CD) (N = 810) |
Pretest, posttest |
Residential, outpatient, and short-term inpatient |
Dually diagnosed youth had more service needs, received more services, and were twice as likely to involve family in tx; positive outcomes related to rapport with counselor and participation in 12-step groups |
| Rogers et al. (2004) |
Adolescent offenders; 73.2% SUD, 65.9% CD, and 26.8% mood disorder (N = 82) |
Pretest, posttest |
Designed especially for youth with both SUD and behavioral disruptive disorders; psychoeducation, therapeutic groups with behavioral level system |
CD did not predict tx outcome; strongest predictor of hospital course and time to discharge was the breadth of substance use |
| Whitmore et al. (2000) |
Dually diagnosed female adolescents (N = 46) |
Pretest, 1 year posttreatment |
Weekly individual, family, and group therapy sessions addressing drug use and criminal behavior |
Improvement in CD, criminality, number of ADHD symptoms, and educational/vocational status; no improvement in substance use or depression; peer problems predicted CD; number of ADHD symptoms predicted substance outcomes |
| Jenson and Potter (2003) |
Dually diagnosed juvenile detainees (N = 107) |
Pretest, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up |
Cross-system collaborative intervention: psychoeducation, psychiatric, case management, group therapy; substance abuse tx, family therapy |
Reduction in MH symptoms, delinquency, and substance use in 6 months postrelease from detention |
| Shane et al. (2003) |
Three groups: youth with SUD, SUD + either internal or externalizing disorder, SUD + both internal and externalizing disorder (N = 419) |
Posttest, 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up, 12-month follow-up |
Short-term and long-term residential substance-abuse treatment programs |
Mixed comorbid youth entered treatment with higher levels of substance use, maintained highest levels through tx and at posttreatment compared to other groups; they initially responded to tx with decrease in substance use relapsed at higher rates |
| Grella et al. (2001) |
Adolescents with SUD; 64% dually diagnosed (majority CD) (N = 992) |
Pretest, 12-month follow-up |
Drug treatment in residential, outpatient, and short-term inpatient |
Dually diagnosed youth had more severe substance use (earlier onset, more substance dependence, greater number of substances); dually diagnosed youth had more problems with family, school, criminal behavior; at 12-month, showed improvement but still greater use than SUD-only group |
| Randall et al. (1999) |
Juvenile offenders with SUD; 72% dually diagnosed (N = 118) |
Pretest, posttest, and 6-month follow-up |
MST and community SAUs |
Comorbid externalizing disorders associated with worse substance-abuse and criminal activity outcomes; the presence of internalizing disorders buffered the effects of externalizing disorders |
Crowley et al. (1998)
|
Dually diagnosed male juvenile delinquents (N = 89)
|
Pretest, 6-month follow-up, 12-month follow-up, 24-month follow-up
|
Residential tx; behavior tx, group, family, vocational counseling, 12-step groups, aftercare available
|
2-year follow-up: improvement in criminality, CD, and depression but no change in substance use; outcomes predicted by intensity of substance involvement, CD severity, and onset of CD as reported at intake
|
