STAT3 SIGNALING: Anticancer Strategies and Challenges
Figure 2
Phosphorylation (i.e., activation) of STAT3 as a function of translocation between nucleus and cytoplasm
The translocation of STAT3 across the nuclear membrane represents one target of intervention in the STAT3 signaling pathway. Inhibition of exportin-1 (i.e., the ortholog of yeast Crm1) by the fungal toxin Leptomycin B, for example, results in nuclear retention of STAT3, where phosphotyrosine phosphatase activities (e.g., TC45) inactivate STAT3 and preclude its function as a transcription factor. The effects of importin inhibitors upon STAT3 function are not yet defined. (See text for details.)
