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Inside Information: The Unique Features of Visceral Sensation
Table 1.
a Biochemical Differences between Visceral and Non-Visceral Spinal Afferents
| Biochemical marker | Visceral afferents | Percent positive | Non-visceral afferents | Percent positive | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a This table shows examples from previous studies that have reported the immunoreactivity or presence of the biochemical markers discussed here. These studies were performed by retrogradely labeling either from specific organs or muscles, or by labeling whole nerves (indicated by “n.” or the appropriate footnote; see also box 1). b saphenous nerve; c values reduced to 14% (CGRP) and 6% (TRPV1) when the saphenous nerve was retrogradely labeled with IB 4 instead of wheat germ agglutinin; d retrograde labeling from the celiac ganglion or left cutaneous branches of the spinal nerves; e femoral nerve; f gastrocnemius nerve; g sciatic nerve; h 72 hours after injecting the retrograde tracer; i 48 hours after injecting the retrograde tracer; j labeled from the L6 dermatome. | |||||
| CGRP | mouse colon | 81% | rat ankle skin | 51% | (24, 25) |
| mouse colon | 79% | rat plantar skin | 41% | (34, 36 | |
| mouse colon | 63% | rat dorsal skin | 35% | (35, 37) | |
| rat colon | 88% | rat skin b | 51% | (35, 38) | |
| rat bladder | 60% | mouse skin b | 30% c | (26, 39) | |
| rat bladder | 52–63% | rat skin b | 20% | (27, 40) | |
| rat bladder | 69% | rat skin d | 19% | (25, 41) | |
| rat ureter and urethra | 90% | rat trapezius muscle | 33% | (26, 37) | |
| rat kidney, ureter, or bladder | >90% | rat longissimus muscle | 22% | (26, 37) | |
| rat kidney | 93% | mouse muscle e | 39% | (30, 39) | |
| rat stomach | 47–88% | rat muscle f | 70% | (28, 38) | |
| mouse stomach | 69–95% | rat muscle f | 30% | (28, 40) | |
| guinea pig stomach | 69–87% | (28) | |||
| rat stomach | 36–84% | (33) | |||
| rat stomach | 74% | (29) | |||
| rat esophagus | 54–90% | (33) | |||
| dog testes | ~80% | (31) | |||
| lamb ileum | 57% | (32) | |||
| rat splanchnic n. | 99% | (38) | |||
| rat splanchnic n. | 95% | (40) | |||
| rat splanchnic n. | 88% | (41) | |||
| trkA | rat bladder | 75% | rat ankle skin | 43% | (25) |
| rat pelvic n. | 90% | rat skin b | 48% | (43) | |
| rat muscle f | 20% | (43) | |||
| rat skin/muscle g | 44% | (43) | |||
| IB4 binding | mouse colon | 20% | rat ankle skin | 43% | (24, 25) |
| mouse colon | 14% | rat plantar skin | 20% | (34, 36) | |
| mouse colon | 6% | rat skin b | 37–42% h | (35, 44) | |
| rat colon | 12% | mouse skin b | 14% | (35, 39) | |
| rat bladder | 29% | rat muscle | 3% i | (25, 44) | |
| rat splanchnic n. | 1–3%h | (44) | |||
| rat splanchnic n. | 4–5% i | (44) | |||
| TRPV1 | mouse colon | 82% | rat plantar skin | 35% | (24, 36) |
| mouse colon | 67% | rat skin j | 32% | (35, 45) | |
| mouse colon | 62% | mouse skin b | 28% c | (65, 39) | |
| rat colon | 83% | mouse muscle e | 39% | (35, 39) | |
| rat bladder | 69% | (45) | |||
| rat stomach | 71% | (46) | |||
