SANP Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 2297-7007 2297-6981 EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag AG Farnsburgerstrasse 8 CH-4132 Muttenz 03296 10.4414/sanp.2023.03296 Original article Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders The impact of established risk factors for psychosis on the 3-year outcomes Golay Philippe philippe.golay@chuv.ch Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne | Head of Research | Psychiatry | Lausanne | 1003 | SWITZERLAND Reitzel Elsa University of Lausanne Conus Philippe Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne 14 06 2023 174 03 88 92 Copyright: EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag AG 2023 EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag AG "Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy" is an open access publication of EMH published in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons licence attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives 4.0 International. You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. "Non-commercial" means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. The incorporation of publications in commercial products, the use of publications to advertise for commercial products or services and any other usage that directly or indirectly pursues commercial interests is subject to the express previous consent of the publishing house as part of a written agreement. Please send us your request in writing. Exact indication of the publication from which you would like to reproduce material and detailed information about its intended use help to facilitate and expedite request processing.

Many factors increasing the risks of developing psychosis have been identified. However, it is not known whether specific factors are linked to specific clinical profiles and outcomes and whether the number of factors affecting the same patient correlates with their clinical profile, outcomes and treatment needs.   The present study aimed to document the prevalence of risk factors and assess their clinical and outcome correlates in the early phases of psychosis. We used data from 269 patients in the prospective cohort of the Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP), which offers three years of specialised treatment to young patients with first-episode psychosis. Relationships between risk factors (e.g. family history of schizophrenia or psychiatric illness, personal psychiatric history, migration in adversity, cannabis use, tobacco use, exposure to trauma), clinical presentation and various dimensions of outcome were assessed. The most common risk factors in this cohort of early psychosis patients were a family history of psychiatric illness (64.0%), a personal history of previous psychiatric disorders (53.6%), tobacco use (44.1%) and cannabis use (39.2%). Although some risk factors (e.g. family history of schizophrenia, personal psychiatric history) had no impact on the outcomes selected, others (e.g. migration in adversity, cannabis use, tobacco use and trauma) were associated with poorer symptomatic and functional outcomes. Results suggest that factors inducing an increased risk of developing psychosis also affect clinical presentation and outcome. Those risks should, therefore, be assessed at baseline and considered when defining treatment strategies.