<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<name doi="10.1601/nm.1013" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/name">
  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
    <name-status-group>
      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1013" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1013">Holospora undulata</identifier>
      <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Gromov and Ossipov 1981</authority>
      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora undulata" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1013" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
    </name-status-group>
  </nomenclature>
  <events>
    <event date="1981" reference="rid.4058" type="validation" />
    <event date="1981" reference="rid.4058" type="effective-publication" />
    <event date="1890" reference="rid.9987" type="revived" />
  </events>
  <taxon doi="10.1601/tx.1013" rank="species" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/taxon">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1013" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1013">Holospora undulata</identifier>
        <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Gromov and Ossipov 1981</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora undulata" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1013" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
    <nomenclatural-type nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common" />
    <taxonomic-equivalence>
      <related-taxon accession="1169117" nomos="NCBI Taxonomy" rank="species" relation="exactMatch" />
    </taxonomic-equivalence>
    <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.0" rank="root">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.0" rank="root" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.0">Universal Root</identifier>
          <authority>Woese et al. 1990</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Universal Root" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.0" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
      <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.419" rank="domain">
        <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.419" rank="domain" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.419">Bacteria</identifier>
            <authority>(None 2015) Woese et al. 1990</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.419" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
          </name-status-group>
        </nomenclature>
        <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.808" rank="phylum">
          <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.808" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2552" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2553" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.808">Proteobacteria</identifier>
              <authority>(sic) Garrity et al. 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Pseudomonadota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.40185" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
            </name-status-group>
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.40185" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2552" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2553" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.808">Pseudomonadota</identifier>
              <authority>corrig. Garrity et al. 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Pseudomonadota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.40185" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
            </name-status-group>
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.31608" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2552" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2553" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.808">Alphaproteobacteriota</identifier>
              <authority>(sic) Garrity et al. 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Pseudomonadota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.40185" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
            </name-status-group>
          </nomenclature>
          <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.809" rank="class">
            <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
              <name-status-group>
                <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.809" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.1248" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1251" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.809">Alphaproteobacteria</identifier>
                <authority>Garrity et al. 2006</authority>
                <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Alphaproteobacteria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.809" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
              </name-status-group>
            </nomenclature>
            <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.34577" rank="order">
              <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                <name-status-group>
                  <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.34577" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.1012" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.34577">Holosporales</identifier>
                  <authority>Szokoli et al. 2020</authority>
                  <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holosporales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.34577" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                </name-status-group>
              </nomenclature>
              <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.1011" rank="family">
                <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                  <name-status-group>
                    <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1011" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.1012" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1011">Holosporaceae</identifier>
                    <authority>Görtz and Schmidt 2006 emend. Szokoli et al. 2016</authority>
                    <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holosporaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1011" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                  </name-status-group>
                </nomenclature>
                <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.1012" rank="genus">
                  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                    <name-status-group>
                      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1012" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.1013" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1012">Holospora</identifier>
                      <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Gromov and Ossipov 1981</authority>
                      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1012" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
                    </name-status-group>
                  </nomenclature>
                  <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.1013" rank="species">
                    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                      <name-status-group>
                        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1013" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1013">Holospora undulata</identifier>
                        <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Gromov and Ossipov 1981</authority>
                        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora undulata" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1013" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
                      </name-status-group>
                    </nomenclature>
                  </ancestor>
                </ancestor>
              </ancestor>
            </ancestor>
          </ancestor>
        </ancestor>
      </ancestor>
    </ancestor>
    <parent doi="10.1601/tx.1012" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1012" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.1013" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1012">Holospora</identifier>
          <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Gromov and Ossipov 1981</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1012" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </parent>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.1014" rank="species">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1014" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1014" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1014">Holospora caryophila</identifier>
          <authority>(ex Preer et al. 1974) Preer and Preer 1982</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora caryophila" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1014" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.1015" rank="species">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1015" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1015" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1015">Holospora elegans</identifier>
          <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Preer and Preer 1982</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora elegans" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1015" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.1016" rank="species">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1016" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1016" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1016">Holospora obtusa</identifier>
          <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Gromov and Ossipov 1981</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora obtusa" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1016" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.33934" rank="species">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.33934" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.33934" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.33934">Holospora parva</identifier>
          <authority>Lanzoni et al. 2016</authority>
          <status candidatus="true" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora parva" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.33934" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <exemplars xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/exemplar">
      <exemplar doi="10.1601/ex.1013" is-uncultivated="false">
        <biosafety-level code="BSL-1" description="BioSafety Level 1" />
        <identifiers>
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="true" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="C204" reference="rid.4074" source="reference" />
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="true" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="StB" reference="rid.18567" source="reference" />
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="true" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="true" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="M1-48" reference="rid.4058" source="reference" />
        </identifiers>
        <features>
          <feature code="10.1601.fr.16S" description="16S gene" id="ARPM03000111#(revcomp),{4777-6254}" source="genbank" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ARPM03000111" />
          <feature code="10.1601.fr.sample" description="NCBI BioSample" id="SAMN02472140" source="genbank" />
          <feature code="10.1601.fr.chromosome" description="Chromosome" id="ARPM00000000" source="genbank" />
          <feature code="10.1601.fr.16S" description="16S gene" id="HE797906" source="genbank" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HE797906" />
        </features>
        <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1013" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1013" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1013">Holospora undulata</identifier>
            <authority>(ex Hafkine 1890) Gromov and Ossipov 1981</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Holospora undulata" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1013" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
          </name-status-group>
        </nomenclature>
        <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
          <reference id="rid.18567">
            <citation citation-type="journal">
              <authors>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Boscaro</surname>
                  <given-names>V.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Fokin</surname>
                  <given-names>S.I.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Schrallhammer</surname>
                  <given-names>M.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Schweikert</surname>
                  <given-names>M.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Petroni</surname>
                  <given-names>G.</given-names>
                </person-name>
              </authors>
              <article-title>Revised systematics of Holospora-like bacteria and characterization of "Candidatus Gortzia infectiva", a novel macronuclear symbiont of Paramecium jenningsi.</article-title>
              <year>2013</year>
              <volume>65</volume>
              <issue>1</issue>
              <fpage>255</fpage>
              <lpage>267</lpage>
              <source id="988">Microbial Ecology</source>
              <abbrev>Microb Ecol</abbrev>
              <issn>0095-3628</issn>
              <essn>1432-184X</essn>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00248-012-0110-2</pub-id>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22940732</pub-id>
            </citation>
          </reference>
          <reference id="rid.4074">
            <citation citation-type="journal">
              <authors>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Preer</surname>
                  <given-names>J.R.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Preer</surname>
                  <given-names>L.B.</given-names>
                </person-name>
              </authors>
              <article-title>Revival of names of protozoan endosymbionts and proposal of Holospora caryophila nom. nov.</article-title>
              <year>1982</year>
              <volume>32</volume>
              <issue>1</issue>
              <fpage>140</fpage>
              <lpage>141</lpage>
              <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
              <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
              <issn>0020-7713</issn>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-32-1-140</pub-id>
            </citation>
          </reference>
          <reference id="rid.4058">
            <citation citation-type="journal">
              <authors>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Gromov</surname>
                  <given-names>B.V.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Ossipov</surname>
                  <given-names>D.V.</given-names>
                </person-name>
              </authors>
              <article-title>Holospora (ex Hafkine 1890) nom. rev., a genus of bacteria inhabiting the nuclei of paramecia.</article-title>
              <year>1981</year>
              <volume>31</volume>
              <issue>3</issue>
              <fpage>348</fpage>
              <lpage>352</lpage>
              <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
              <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
              <issn>0020-7713</issn>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-31-3-348</pub-id>
            </citation>
          </reference>
        </bibliography>
        <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="14:09:59" time-formatted="14:09 PM" />
          <modified curator="Charles Parker" date="2018-05-07" date-formatted="May 7, 2018" time="16:26:09" time-formatted="16:26 PM" />
          <created curator="Sarah Wigley" date="2008-12-01" date-formatted="December 1, 2008" time="14:07:04" time-formatted="14:07 PM" />
          <public-note>The type deposit is the original description given by Hafkine 1890. Intracellular symbionts of Paramecium caudatum. Clone M1-48 of P. caudatum containing Holospora undulata has been deposited in the Laboratory of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Research Institute, Leningrad University. Boscaro et al. 2013 assert that strain StB is also type material.</public-note>
        </annotation>
      </exemplar>
    </exemplars>
    <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
      <reference id="rid.4058">
        <citation citation-type="journal">
          <authors>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Gromov</surname>
              <given-names>B.V.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Ossipov</surname>
              <given-names>D.V.</given-names>
            </person-name>
          </authors>
          <article-title>Holospora (ex Hafkine 1890) nom. rev., a genus of bacteria inhabiting the nuclei of paramecia.</article-title>
          <year>1981</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>348</fpage>
          <lpage>352</lpage>
          <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
          <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
          <issn>0020-7713</issn>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-31-3-348</pub-id>
        </citation>
      </reference>
    </bibliography>
    <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="14:10:01" time-formatted="14:10 PM" />
      <modified curator="Charles Parker" date="2017-04-20" date-formatted="April 20, 2017" time="17:30:08" time-formatted="17:30 PM" />
      <created curator="Charles Parker" date="2017-04-20" date-formatted="April 20, 2017" time="17:26:33" time-formatted="17:26 PM" />
    </annotation>
  </taxon>
  <synonyms>
    <synonyms-from />
    <synonyms-to />
  </synonyms>
  <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
    <reference id="rid.18560">
      <citation citation-type="journal">
        <authors>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Ossipov</surname>
            <given-names>D.V.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Gromov</surname>
            <given-names>B.V.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Mamkaeva</surname>
            <given-names>K.A.</given-names>
          </person-name>
        </authors>
        <article-title>Electron microscope examination of omega-particles (bacterial symbionts of the micronucleus) and nucleolar apparatus of Paramecium caudatum clone M1-48</article-title>
        <year>1973</year>
        <volume>15</volume>
        <fpage>97</fpage>
        <lpage>103</lpage>
        <source id="1406">Tsitologiya</source>
        <abbrev>Tsitologiya</abbrev>
        <issn>0041-3771</issn>
      </citation>
    </reference>
    <reference id="rid.4058">
      <citation citation-type="journal">
        <authors>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Gromov</surname>
            <given-names>B.V.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Ossipov</surname>
            <given-names>D.V.</given-names>
          </person-name>
        </authors>
        <article-title>Holospora (ex Hafkine 1890) nom. rev., a genus of bacteria inhabiting the nuclei of paramecia.</article-title>
        <year>1981</year>
        <volume>31</volume>
        <issue>3</issue>
        <fpage>348</fpage>
        <lpage>352</lpage>
        <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
        <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
        <issn>0020-7713</issn>
        <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-31-3-348</pub-id>
      </citation>
    </reference>
    <reference id="rid.9987">
      <citation citation-type="journal">
        <authors>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Hafkine</surname>
            <given-names>W.M.</given-names>
          </person-name>
        </authors>
        <article-title>Maladies infectieuses des paramecies</article-title>
        <year>1890</year>
        <volume>4</volume>
        <fpage>148</fpage>
        <lpage>162</lpage>
        <source id="226">Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Microbiologie</source>
        <abbrev>Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol</abbrev>
        <issn>0769-2609</issn>
      </citation>
    </reference>
    <reference id="rid.18559">
      <citation citation-type="book">
        <authors>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Görtz</surname>
            <given-names>H.-D.</given-names>
          </person-name>
        </authors>
        <editors>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Schwemmler</surname>
            <given-names>W.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Schenk</surname>
            <given-names>H.E.A.</given-names>
          </person-name>
        </editors>
        <article-title>Nucleus-specific symbionts in Paramecium
caudatum</article-title>
        <year>1980</year>
        <volume>1</volume>
        <edition>1</edition>
        <fpage>381</fpage>
        <lpage>392</lpage>
        <source id="1405">Endosymbiosis and Cell Biology: A Synthesis of Recent Research; Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Endosymbiosis and Cell Research, Tubingen, April 1980</source>
        <publisher-name>Walter de Gruyter &amp;amp; Co.</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Berlin</publisher-loc>
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