Treponemataceae Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Treponemataceae Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Treponema Schaudinn 1905 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Abt et al. 2013 Universal Root Woese et al. 1990 Bacteria (None 2015) Woese et al. 1990 Spirochaetota corrig. Garrity and Holt 2021 Spirochaetes (sic) Garrity and Holt 2021 non Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002 Spirochaetia (Cavalier-Smith 2002) Paster 2020 Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Treponemataceae Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Incertae sedis 31 None 2015 Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Borreliaceae Gupta et al. 2014 Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012 Brevinemataceae Paster 2012 Leptospiraceae Hovind-Hougen 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Levett et al. 2005 Sphaerochaetaceae Hördt et al. 2020 non Sphaerochaetaceae Bidzhieva et al. 2020 Sphaerochaetaceae Bidzhieva et al. 2020 non Sphaerochaetaceae Hördt et al. 2020 Breznakiellaceae Brune et al. 2022 Rectinemataceae Brune et al. 2022 Borrelia Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Margos et al. 2018 Leptospira Noguchi 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Faine and Stallman 1982 Treponema Schaudinn 1905 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Abt et al. 2013 Rectinema Koelschbach et al. 2017 Breznakiella Song et al. 2022 Breed R.S. Murray E.G.D. Smith N.R. Breed R.S. Murray E.G.D. Smith N.R. Family II. Treponemataceae Robinson, 1948 1957 7 896 913 Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology The Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore Song Y. Hervé V. Radek R. Pfeiffer F. Zheng H. Brune A. Characterization and phylogenomic analysis of Breznakiella homolactica gen. nov. sp. nov. indicate that termite gut treponemes evolved from non-acetogenic spirochetes in cockroaches. 2021 23 8 4228 4245 Environmental Microbiology Environ Microbiol 1462-2912 1462-2920 10.1111/1462-2920.15600 33998119 Hördt A. García-López M. Meier-Kolthoff J.P. Tindall B.J. Weinhold L.-M. Gronow S. Kyrpides N. Woyke T. Schleuning M. Göker M. Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria 2020 11 468 Frontiers in Microbiology Front. Microbio. 1664-302X 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468 32373076 Robinson G.H. Breed R.S. Murray E.G.D. Hitchens A.P. Order V. Spirochaetales Buchanan 1948 6 1051 1058 Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology The Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore Skerman V.B.D. McGowan V. Sneath P.H.A. Approved Lists of Bacterial Names 1980 30 1 225 420 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int J Syst Bacteriol 0020-7713 10.1099/00207713-30-1-225 Hördt A. García-López M. Meier-Kolthoff J.P. Tindall B.J. Weinhold L.-M. Gronow S. Kyrpides N. Woyke T. Schleuning M. Göker M. Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria 2020 11 468 Frontiers in Microbiology Front. Microbio. 1664-302X 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468 32373076 Hördt et al. 2020 effectively reverses the unification of this family into Spirochaetaceae by Smibert 1974.