<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<name doi="10.1601/nm.5142" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/name">
  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
    <name-status-group>
      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5142" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" rank="subspecies" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5142">Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens</identifier>
      <authority>(Nakamura 1984) Heyndrickx et al. 1996</authority>
      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5142" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
    </name-status-group>
  </nomenclature>
  <events>
    <event date="1996" reference="rid.3479" type="validation" />
    <event date="1996" reference="rid.3479" type="effective-publication" />
  </events>
  <taxon doi="10.1601/tx.5142" rank="subspecies" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/taxon">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5142" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" rank="subspecies" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5142">Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens</identifier>
        <authority>(Nakamura 1984) Heyndrickx et al. 1996</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5142" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
    <nomenclatural-type nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common" />
    <taxonomic-equivalence />
    <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.0" rank="root">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.0" rank="root" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.0">Universal Root</identifier>
          <authority>Woese et al. 1990</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Universal Root" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.0" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
      <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.419" rank="domain">
        <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.419" rank="domain" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.419">Bacteria</identifier>
            <authority>(None 2015) Woese et al. 1990</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.419" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
          </name-status-group>
        </nomenclature>
        <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.3874" rank="phylum">
          <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.3874" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.4857" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4858" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.3874">Firmicutes</identifier>
              <authority>(sic) Gibbons and Murray 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacillota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31611" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
            </name-status-group>
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.31611" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.4857" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4858" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.3874">Bacillota</identifier>
              <authority>corrig. Gibbons and Murray 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacillota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31611" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
            </name-status-group>
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.14085" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.4857" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4858" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.3874">Firmacutes</identifier>
              <authority>(sic) Gibbons and Murray 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacillota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31611" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
            </name-status-group>
          </nomenclature>
          <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.4854" rank="class">
            <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
              <name-status-group>
                <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.4854" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.4855" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4858" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.4854">Bacilli</identifier>
                <authority>Ludwig et al. 2010</authority>
                <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacilli" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.4854" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
              </name-status-group>
            </nomenclature>
            <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.4855" rank="order">
              <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                <name-status-group>
                  <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.4855" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.4857" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4858" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.4855">Bacillales</identifier>
                  <authority>Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980)</authority>
                  <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacillales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.4855" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                </name-status-group>
              </nomenclature>
              <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.5108" rank="family">
                <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                  <name-status-group>
                    <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5108" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.5109" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4962" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5108">Paenibacillaceae</identifier>
                    <authority>De Vos et al. 2010</authority>
                    <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5108" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                  </name-status-group>
                </nomenclature>
                <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.5109" rank="genus">
                  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                    <name-status-group>
                      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5109" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.5110" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4962" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5109">Paenibacillus</identifier>
                      <authority>Ash et al. 1994 emend. Huang et al. 2017</authority>
                      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5109" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                    </name-status-group>
                  </nomenclature>
                  <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.10918" rank="species">
                    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                      <name-status-group>
                        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.10918" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4930" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.10918">Paenibacillus larvae</identifier>
                        <authority>(White 1906) Ash et al. 1994 emend. Genersch et al. 2006</authority>
                        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae larvae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5141" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                      </name-status-group>
                    </nomenclature>
                    <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.5142" rank="subspecies">
                      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                        <name-status-group>
                          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5142" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" rank="subspecies" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5142">Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens</identifier>
                          <authority>(Nakamura 1984) Heyndrickx et al. 1996</authority>
                          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5142" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                        </name-status-group>
                      </nomenclature>
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        </ancestor>
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    </ancestor>
    <parent doi="10.1601/tx.10918" rank="species">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.10918" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4930" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.10918">Paenibacillus larvae</identifier>
          <authority>(White 1906) Ash et al. 1994 emend. Genersch et al. 2006</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae larvae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5141" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </parent>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.5141" rank="subspecies">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5141" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4930" rank="subspecies" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5141">Paenibacillus larvae larvae</identifier>
          <authority>(White 1906) Ash et al. 1994</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae larvae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5141" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <exemplars xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/exemplar">
      <exemplar doi="10.1601/ex.4971" is-uncultivated="false">
        <biosafety-level code="BSL-1" description="BioSafety Level 1" />
        <identifiers>
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="NCIMB 11201" reference="rid.3479" source="reference" />
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="NRRL B-3685" reference="rid.3479" source="reference" />
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="ATCC 13537" reference="rid.3479" source="reference" />
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="LMG 15974" reference="rid.3479" source="reference" />
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="ATCC 49843" reference="rid.5126" source="reference" />
          <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="LMG 6911" reference="rid.3479" source="reference" />
        </identifiers>
        <features>
          <feature code="10.1601.fr.16S" description="16S gene" id="AY030080" reference="rid.11058" source="reference" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY030080" />
        </features>
        <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5153" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5153">Paenibacillus pulvifaciens</identifier>
            <authority>(Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5142" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
          </name-status-group>
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5142" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" rank="subspecies" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5142">Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens</identifier>
            <authority>(Nakamura 1984) Heyndrickx et al. 1996</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5142" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
          </name-status-group>
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.4971" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.4971">Bacillus pulvifaciens</identifier>
            <authority>(ex Katznelson 1950) Nakamura 1984</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5142" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
          </name-status-group>
        </nomenclature>
        <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
          <reference id="rid.5126">
            <citation citation-type="journal">
              <authors>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>List Editor</surname>
                  <given-names />
                </person-name>
              </authors>
              <article-title>Validation List no. 52. Validation of the publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB.</article-title>
              <year>1995</year>
              <volume>45</volume>
              <issue>1</issue>
              <fpage>197</fpage>
              <lpage>198</lpage>
              <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
              <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
              <issn>0020-7713</issn>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-45-1-197</pub-id>
            </citation>
          </reference>
          <reference id="rid.3479">
            <citation citation-type="journal">
              <authors>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Heyndrickx</surname>
                  <given-names>M.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Vandemeulebroecke</surname>
                  <given-names>K.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Hoste</surname>
                  <given-names>B.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Janssen</surname>
                  <given-names>P.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Kersters</surname>
                  <given-names>K.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>De Vos</surname>
                  <given-names>P.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Logan</surname>
                  <given-names>N.A.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Ali</surname>
                  <given-names>N.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Berkeley</surname>
                  <given-names>R.C.</given-names>
                </person-name>
              </authors>
              <article-title>Reclassification of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) pulvifaciens (Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994, a later subjective synonym of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) larvae (White 1906) Ash et al. 1994, as a subspecies of P. larvae, with emended descriptions of P. larvae as P. larvae subsp. larvae and P. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens.</article-title>
              <year>1996</year>
              <volume>46</volume>
              <issue>1</issue>
              <fpage>270</fpage>
              <lpage>279</lpage>
              <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
              <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
              <issn>0020-7713</issn>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-46-1-270</pub-id>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8573507</pub-id>
            </citation>
          </reference>
          <reference id="rid.11058">
            <citation citation-type="journal">
              <authors>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Lauro</surname>
                  <given-names>F.M.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Favaretto</surname>
                  <given-names>M.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Covolo</surname>
                  <given-names>L.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Rassu</surname>
                  <given-names>M.</given-names>
                </person-name>
                <person-name>
                  <surname>Bertoloni</surname>
                  <given-names>G.</given-names>
                </person-name>
              </authors>
              <article-title>Rapid detection of Paenibacillus larvae from honey and hive samples with a novel nested PCR protocol</article-title>
              <year>2003</year>
              <volume>81</volume>
              <fpage>195</fpage>
              <lpage>201</lpage>
              <source id="1243">International Journal of Food Microbiology</source>
              <abbrev>Int J Food Microbiol</abbrev>
              <issn>0168-1605</issn>
              <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12485745</pub-id>
            </citation>
          </reference>
        </bibliography>
        <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="15:29:46" time-formatted="15:29 PM" />
          <modified curator="Dorothea Rohlfs" date="2009-11-24" date-formatted="November 24, 2009" time="11:23:54" time-formatted="11:23 AM" />
          <created curator="Dorothea Rohlfs" date="2009-11-24" date-formatted="November 24, 2009" time="11:19:05" time-formatted="11:19 AM" />
        </annotation>
      </exemplar>
    </exemplars>
    <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
      <reference id="rid.3479">
        <citation citation-type="journal">
          <authors>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Heyndrickx</surname>
              <given-names>M.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Vandemeulebroecke</surname>
              <given-names>K.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Hoste</surname>
              <given-names>B.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Janssen</surname>
              <given-names>P.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Kersters</surname>
              <given-names>K.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>De Vos</surname>
              <given-names>P.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Logan</surname>
              <given-names>N.A.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Ali</surname>
              <given-names>N.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Berkeley</surname>
              <given-names>R.C.</given-names>
            </person-name>
          </authors>
          <article-title>Reclassification of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) pulvifaciens (Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994, a later subjective synonym of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) larvae (White 1906) Ash et al. 1994, as a subspecies of P. larvae, with emended descriptions of P. larvae as P. larvae subsp. larvae and P. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens.</article-title>
          <year>1996</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>270</fpage>
          <lpage>279</lpage>
          <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
          <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
          <issn>0020-7713</issn>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-46-1-270</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8573507</pub-id>
        </citation>
      </reference>
    </bibliography>
    <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="15:29:46" time-formatted="15:29 PM" />
      <modified curator="Charles Parker" date="2017-01-28" date-formatted="January 28, 2017" time="18:24:25" time-formatted="18:24 PM" />
      <created curator="Sarah Wigley" date="2008-11-26" date-formatted="November 26, 2008" time="10:06:25" time-formatted="10:06 AM" />
    </annotation>
  </taxon>
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    <synonyms-from />
    <synonyms-to>
      <synonym date="1996" from="10.1601/nm.5153" reference="rid.3479" to="10.1601/nm.5142" type="rank elevation">
        <name-status-group xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.5153" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.4971" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.5153">Paenibacillus pulvifaciens</identifier>
          <authority>(Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.5142" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </synonym>
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  </synonyms>
  <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
    <reference id="rid.3479">
      <citation citation-type="journal">
        <authors>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Heyndrickx</surname>
            <given-names>M.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Vandemeulebroecke</surname>
            <given-names>K.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Hoste</surname>
            <given-names>B.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Janssen</surname>
            <given-names>P.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Kersters</surname>
            <given-names>K.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>De Vos</surname>
            <given-names>P.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Logan</surname>
            <given-names>N.A.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Ali</surname>
            <given-names>N.</given-names>
          </person-name>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Berkeley</surname>
            <given-names>R.C.</given-names>
          </person-name>
        </authors>
        <article-title>Reclassification of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) pulvifaciens (Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994, a later subjective synonym of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) larvae (White 1906) Ash et al. 1994, as a subspecies of P. larvae, with emended descriptions of P. larvae as P. larvae subsp. larvae and P. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens.</article-title>
        <year>1996</year>
        <volume>46</volume>
        <issue>1</issue>
        <fpage>270</fpage>
        <lpage>279</lpage>
        <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
        <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
        <issn>0020-7713</issn>
        <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-46-1-270</pub-id>
        <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8573507</pub-id>
      </citation>
    </reference>
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    <created curator="Nicole Osier" date="2009-02-03" date-formatted="February 3, 2009" time="09:29:29" time-formatted="9:29 AM" />
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